课号：第21课（共96课） 标题：Mad or not?（是不是疯了？） 语法重点：被动语态（一般过去时被动/情态动词被动/现在完成时被动） 核心逻辑功能：矛盾叙事 + 自嘲式幽默
课文原文
**Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？**
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.
war, year, day, people, house, money, noise, home, reason
动词
live, think, stay, say, offer, build, use
形容词
mad, few, large, right
副词
slowly, probably, sometimes
代词
I, me, my, it, their
3.3 K2次高频词（需巩固）
词汇
词性
含义
例句/搭配
aeroplane
n.
飞机
passing aeroplanes
airport
n.
机场
near an airport
determined
adj.
决心的
determined to stay
passing
adj.
经过的
passing planes
however
adv.
然而
however, it came into use
hundred
num.
百
Over a hundred people
3.4 四级核心词汇详解
词汇
音标
词性
四级考点
课文中用法
aeroplane
/ˈeərəpleɪn/
n.
飞机
aeroplanes are driving me mad
drive sb. mad
/draɪv ˈmæd/
短语
把某人逼疯
driving me mad
passing
/ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
adj.
经过的
passing planes
come into use
/kʌm ˈɪntuː juːs/
短语
开始投入使用
came into use
drive away
/draɪv əˈweɪ/
短语
赶走
driven away from their homes
be determined to
/bi dɪˈtɜːmɪnd tuː/
短语
决心做某事
determined to stay
四、词形与构词
4.1 派生词分析
4.1.1 前缀派生
前缀
原词
派生词
含义变化
-ing (现在分词)
pass
passing
经过的
over- (超过)
hundred
Over a hundred
一百多
4.1.2 后缀派生
后缀
词根
派生词
词性转换
含义
-ly (副词)
slow
slowly
adj.→adv.
慢慢地
-ly (副词)
probable
probably
adj.→adv.
可能地
-ed (形容词)
determine
determined
v.→adj.
决心的
-s (复数)
aeroplane
aeroplanes
n.→n.pl
飞机（复数）
-s (复数)
plane
planes
n.→n.pl
飞机（复数）
4.2 复合词与合成词
复合词
构成成分
含义
课文中用法
night and day
night + and + day
日日夜夜
can be heard night and day
a large sum of
large + sum + of
一大笔
a large sum of money
drive away
drive + away
赶走
driven away
come into use
come + into + use
开始投入使用
came into use
knock down
knock + down
撞倒
will be knocked down
4.3 不规则动词表
原形
过去式
过去分词
含义
本课出现
drive
drove
driven
驱赶
driving, driven
build
built
built
建造
was built
use
used
used
使用
be used, came into use
leave
left
left
留下
(people) left
knock
knocked
knocked
敲击
be knocked down
offer
offered
offered
提供
have been offered
五、搭配与语块
5.1 高频搭配短语
搭配
类型
含义
语境功能
drive sb. mad
短语动词
把某人逼疯
问题引入
night and day
固定短语
日日夜夜
时间强调
passing planes
形容词+名词
经过的飞机
噪音来源
during the war
介词短语
战争期间
时间背景
come into use
短语动词
开始投入使用
事件转折
drive away
短语动词
赶走
影响描述
a large sum of
数量短语
一大笔
强调诱惑
be determined to
形容词+不定式
决心做某事
态度表达
knock down
短语动词
撞倒
可能性推测
5.2 被动语态核心语块
本课语法重点是各种形式的被动语态：
结构
功能
课文例句
逻辑含义
can be heard
情态被动
passing planes can be heard
能够被听到
was built
过去被动
The airport was built
被建造
could not be used
情态否定被动
could not be used
不能被使用
must have been driven away
情态完成被动
must have been driven away
肯定被赶走
will be knocked down
将来被动
will be knocked down
将被撞倒
have been offered
现在完成被动
have been offered
已被提供
5.3 习语与固定表达
习语
含义
使用场景
同义表达
drive sb. mad
把某人逼疯
强烈困扰
drive sb. crazy
night and day
日日夜夜
强调持续
day and night, 24/7
come into use
开始投入使用
设备/设施启用
be put into use
drive away
赶走
驱逐
force away
a large sum of money
一大笔钱
描述金额
a lot of money
be determined to
决心做某事
表达决心
be resolved to
knock down
撞倒
物理破坏
run down
5.4 语篇标记词
类型
标记词
功能
课文位置
时间
during the war
历史时间
第3句
时间
Last year
最近时间
第4句
转折
but
让步
第3句
转折
however
强转折
第4句
转折
but
态度转折
第8句
推测
must
肯定推测
第5句、第9句
推测
probably
可能
第9句
频率
Sometimes
有时
第7句
六、语义分析
6.1 主题词汇场
6.1.1 机场/噪音困扰场 (Airport & Noise)
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 机场/噪音困扰主题词汇场 │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┬───────────────┼───────────────┬─────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐
│ 噪音来源 │ │ 机场设施 │ │ 影响人群 │ │ 个人处境 │ │ 个人选择 │
└────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘
│ │ │ │ │
• aeroplanes • airport • people • live near • determined
• passing • built • driven away • one of few • stay
• planes • came into • left • offered • go away
• noise use money
• homes
6.1.2 情感/态度场 (Emotion & Attitude)
词汇/短语
情感/态度
课文语境
drive me mad
困扰/疯狂
问题描述
for some reason
不明原因
背景说明
however
转折
问题出现
must have been
肯定推测
影响描述
determined
决心
态度表达
probably right
认同/自嘲
结尾收束
6.2 同义词群
6.2.1 飞机相关同义词
核心词
同义词
语义差异
aeroplane
airplane, plane, aircraft
aeroplane 英式，airplane 美式
airport
airfield, aerodrome
airport 最常用
passing
flying, overhead
passing 强调”经过”
6.2.2 坚持/决心同义词
核心词
同义词
语义差异
determined
resolved, decided
determined 强调决心
stay
remain
stay 常用，remain 较正式
mad
crazy, insane
mad 英式常用
6.3 反义词对
词对
词性
课文语境中的对立
use ↔ not use
v.
came into use ↔ could not be used
away ↔ stay
adv./v.
driven away ↔ determined to stay
many ↔ few
adj.
a hundred people ↔ few people
built ↔ knocked down
v.
was built ↔ will be knocked down
right ↔ mad
adj.
probably right ↔ must be mad
七、词汇教学价值
7.1 课标词汇命中
课标级别
命中词汇
数量
教学重点
初中核心
live, house, home, money, people, war, year, day, mad, right, think, stay, say
13
复习巩固
高中必修
airport, during, however, offer, probably, noise, plane, sometimes
8
强化应用
四级核心
aeroplane, determined, passing, hundred, sum
5
重点掌握
拓展词汇
drive sb. mad, come into use, drive away, be determined to
4
短语搭配
7.2 一词多义解析
词汇
本课义
其他常见义
例句
drive
驱赶
驾驶
drive a car (开车)
mad
发疯的
生气的
be mad at sb. (生某人的气)
use
使用
用途
What’s the use? (有什么用？)
offer
提供
提议
make an offer (出价)
sum
金额
总和
the sum of (总和)
right
正确的
右边；权利
on the right (在右边)
7.3 易混淆词汇
词对
区别点
记忆技巧
aeroplane vs airplane
英式 vs 美式
aero- 是英式词根
airport vs port
机场 vs 港口
air + port
determined vs determined
形容词 vs 过去分词
be determined to = 形容词用法
passing vs past
passing 是形容词/现在分词；past 是介词/名词
-ing 是进行/主动
however vs but
however 是副词，可放句首/句中；but 是连词
however 后有逗号
hundred vs hundreds
具体数字+hundred；hundreds of = 数百
有具体数字不加 -s
7.4 被动语态教学点
本课是被动语态各种形式的经典教学文本：
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 被动语态教学框架 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ 一般过去时被动： │
│ The airport was built during the war. │
│ "机场在战争期间被建造" │
│ │
│ 情态动词被动： │
│ passing planes can be heard │
│ "过往飞机能够被听到" │
│ │
│ it could not be used │
│ "它不能被使用" │
│ │
│ 情态动词完成被动： │
│ must have been driven away │
│ "肯定已经被赶走" │
│ │
│ 一般将来时被动： │
│ will be knocked down │
│ "将被撞倒" │
│ │
│ 现在完成时被动： │
│ have been offered │
│ "已经被提供" │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
八、词汇学习建议
8.1 分级词汇表
8.1.1 必背核心词（★★★ 课标必备）
序号
词汇
词性
音标
核心搭配
例句
1
aeroplane
n.
/ˈeərəpleɪn/
passing aeroplanes
Aeroplanes are driving me mad.
2
drive sb. mad
短语
/draɪv ˈmæd/
drive me mad
driving me mad
3
airport
n.
/ˈeəpɔːt/
near an airport
live near an airport
4
passing
adj.
/ˈpɑːsɪŋ/
passing planes
passing planes can be heard
5
night and day
短语
/naɪt ənd deɪ/
night and day
can be heard night and day
6
come into use
短语
/kʌm ˈɪntuː juːs/
came into use
it came into use
7
drive away
短语
/draɪv əˈweɪ/
driven away
must have been driven away
8
determined
adj.
/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/
determined to
determined to stay
9
knock down
短语
/nɒk daʊn/
knocked down
will be knocked down
10
probably
adv.
/ˈprɒbəbli/
probably right
they are probably right
8.1.2 拓展提高词（★★☆ 阅读必备）
序号
词汇
词性
音标
拓展搭配
1
however
adv.
/haʊˈevə(r)/
however, …
2
hundred
num.
/ˈhʌndrəd/
hundreds of
3
sum
n.
/sʌm/
a large sum of
4
sometimes
adv.
/ˈsʌmtaɪmz/
sometimes think
5
left
adj.
/left/
people left
8.1.3 认知词汇（★☆☆ 了解即可）
词汇
说明
during
在…期间
8.2 学习策略建议
8.2.1 主题联想法
以**“机场噪音”**为核心构建词汇网络：
机场 (airport)
│
┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼
噪音来源 历史背景 影响与选择
• aeroplane • built • drive away
• passing • war • people left
• plane • come into use • offer money
• noise • use • determined
• stay
8.2.2 被动语态记忆法
时态
结构
例句
一般过去时
was/were + done
The airport was built.
情态动词
can/could + be + done
can be heard
情态完成
must + have been + done
must have been driven away
将来时
will + be + done
will be knocked down
现在完成
have/has + been + done
have been offered
8.2.3 短语对比记忆
drive 短语：
drive sb. mad = 把某人逼疯
drive away = 赶走
drive off = 开走
come into 短语：
come into use = 开始投入使用
come into being = 形成
come into effect = 生效
8.3 练习题设计
练习1：词形转换
用所给词的适当形式填空：
Aeroplanes are slowly _______ (drive) me mad.
The airport was _______ (build) during the war.
He is _______ (determine) to finish the work.
I have been _______ (offer) a good job.
They must have been _______ (drive) away.
答案：1. driving 2. built 3. determined 4. offered 5. driven
练习2：完成句子
使用本课词汇完成句子：
The noise is _______ me _______ (把我逼疯).
The airport _______ _______ _______ (开始投入使用) last year.
Over a hundred people were _______ _______ (被赶走).
I am _______ _______ _______ (决心) stay here.
They are _______ (可能) right.
答案：1. driving, mad 2. came into use 3. driven away 4. determined to 5. probably
练习3：被动语态填空
用所给动词的适当形式（被动语态）填空：
English _______ (speak) all over the world.
The house _______ (knock) down yesterday.
He _______ (offer) a job last week.
The bridge _______ (build) in 1990.
答案：1. is spoken 2. was knocked 3. was offered 4. was built
九、四级考点链接
9.1 词汇考点
考点类型
具体考点
课文例句
四级真题频率
短语
drive sb. mad
driving me mad
★★★
短语
come into use
came into use
★★☆
短语
drive away
driven away
★★★
短语
be determined to
determined to stay
★★★★
被动语态
was built
The airport was built
★★★★★
9.2 写作应用
模板句1（描述问题）：
_______ are slowly _______ me mad.
______正在慢慢地把我逼疯。
模板句2（表达决心）：
I am _______ _______ _______ here.
我______留在这里。
模板句3（被动语态）：
The building _______ _______ in 1990.
这座建筑______在1990年______。
十、总结
10.1 词汇学习重点
优先级
学习内容
掌握目标
★★★★★
被动语态各种形式
能正确使用不同时态的被动语态
★★★★★
核心短语
掌握 drive sb. mad, come into use, drive away, be determined to
★★★★☆
机场主题词汇
能描述相关场景
★★★☆☆
副词
掌握 slowly, however, probably, sometimes
★★★☆☆
数量表达
掌握 a large sum of, hundred
10.2 课文词汇特点
主题明确：以”机场噪音”为主线，词汇围绕 aeroplane, airport, noise 展开
被动语态密集：6种不同形式的被动语态集中出现
短语丰富：drive sb. mad, come into use, drive away, be determined to 等短语构成核心表达
情感词汇递进：从 driving me mad 到 determined 到 probably right
10.3 学习建议
背诵核心句：Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. / I am determined to stay here.