第35课 Stop thief! 捉贼！深度词汇分析
课号：第35课（共96课）
标题：Stop thief!（捉贼！）
语法重点：used to do、see sb do sth、such…that…、时间状语从句、被动语态
核心逻辑功能：英雄叙事 + 见义勇为 + 正义伸张
课文原文
**Lesson 35: Stop thief! 捉贼！**
**参考译文**：
罗伊·特伦顿过去开出租车。然而不久前，他成了一名公交车司机，对此他并不后悔。他发现他的新工作更加令人兴奋。最近当他沿着卡特福德街行驶时，他看到两个小偷从一家商店冲出来，朝一辆等着的车跑去。其中一个带着装满钱的袋子。罗伊迅速行动，把公交车径直开向小偷。拿钱的那个吓得把袋子掉了。当小偷试图乘汽车逃跑时，罗伊把他的公交车撞上了汽车尾部。当那辆撞坏的汽车离开时，罗伊停下了公交车并给警察打电话。小偷的车损坏严重，很容易辨认。不久之后，警察拦下了汽车，两个人都被逮捕了。
Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves’ car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
一、基础统计
1.1 词汇量化分析
| 统计指标 | 数值 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 总词数 (Tokens) | 156 | 课文总词数（含重复） |
| 类符数 (Types) | 95 | 不重复词汇数 |
| TTR (型次比) | 60.9% | 类符数/总词数，反映词汇多样性 |
| 词汇密度 | 67.3% | 实词占比，中等偏上 |
| 平均词长 | 4.38 | 中等长度，适合中级学习者 |
| 平均句长 | 15.6 | 中等长度句子，叙事清晰 |
1.2 句子复杂度分析
| 句子类型 | 数量 | 占比 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 3 | 30% | He is finding his new work far more exciting. |
| 并列句 | 3 | 30% | Roy acted quickly and drove the bus… |
| 复合句 | 4 | 40% | When he was driving…, he saw… |
1.3 词汇长度分布
| 词长 | 数量 | 占比 | 代表性词汇 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2字母 | 22 | 23.2% | a, an, to, in, at, we, he, it, is, of |
| 3-4字母 | 38 | 40.0% | the, and, saw, two, out, run, car, bag, got, him |
| 5-6字母 | 21 | 22.1% | thief, drove, acted, money, fright, dropped, police |
| 7-8字母 | 9 | 9.5% | however, thieves, exciting, towards, shortly |
| 9字母+ | 5 | 5.3% | regretted, recognize, afterwards, battered |
二、词类分布
2.1 词类统计总表
| 词类 | 数量 | 占比 | 功能说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 名词 | 28 | 29.5% | 承载语义核心（taxi, thieves, car, money等） |
| 动词 | 26 | 27.4% | 推动叙事发展（drove, saw, rush, act等） |
| 形容词 | 12 | 12.6% | 描绘评价特征（exciting, full, easy等） |
| 副词 | 10 | 10.5% | 修饰动作状态（quickly, straight, badly等） |
| 代词 | 8 | 8.4% | 指代衔接（he, him, it, them等） |
| 介词 | 7 | 7.4% | 建立语义关系（along, out of, towards等） |
| 冠词 | 4 | 4.2% | 限定名词（a, an, the） |
| 连词 | 6 | 6.3% | 逻辑连接（and, when, as, while等） |
2.2 实词与虚词对比
实词分布 (69.5%)
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
名词 ████████████████████████████ 28 (29.5%)
动词 ██████████████████████████ 26 (27.4%)
形容词 ████████████ 12 (12.6%)
副词 ██████████ 10 (10.5%)
虚词分布 (30.5%)
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
代词 ████████ 8 (8.4%)
介词 ███████ 7 (7.4%)
连词 ██████ 6 (6.3%)
冠词 ████ 4 (4.2%)
2.3 动词细分类别
| 动词类型 | 数量 | 示例词汇 |
|---|---|---|
| 行为动词 | 18 | drive, see, rush, run, act, drop, try, stop, telephone, recognize, arrest |
| 状态动词 | 4 | be, become, find, get |
| 感官动词 | 1 | see |
| 情态动词 | 3 | used to, was/were（助动词） |
三、核心词汇精讲
3.1 thief / thieves 小偷
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /θiːf/ (单数) /θiːvz/ (复数) |
| 词性 | 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K2 (中频词) |
| 复数 | 不规则变化：thief → thieves |
词形变化
单数：thief（一个小偷）
复数：thieves（多个小偷）
类似变化的名词：
- wife → wives（妻子）
- life → lives（生命）
- knife → knives（刀）
- leaf → leaves（树叶）
- shelf → shelves（架子）
课文例句
"he saw two thieves rush out of a shop"
（他看到两个小偷从一家商店冲出来）
"Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves"
（罗伊迅速行动，把公交车径直开向小偷）
词汇辨析
| 词汇 | 含义 | 区别 |
|---|---|---|
| thief | 小偷，窃贼 | 泛指偷窃者 |
| robber | 抢劫犯 | 使用暴力或威胁 |
| burglar | 入室盗窃者 | 夜间潜入住宅偷窃 |
| pickpocket | 扒手 | 在公共场所偷钱包 |
拓展搭配
- catch a thief 抓小偷
- stop thief! 捉贼！（喊叫声）
- a gang of thieves 一伙小偷
- car thief 偷车贼
3.2 regret 后悔；遗憾
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /rɪˈɡret/ |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K3 (中频词) |
词形变化
第三人称单数：regrets
过去式/过去分词：regretted（双写t加ed）
现在分词：regretting
名词：regret（不可数/可数）
课文例句
"he was not regretted it"
注：此句语法有误，应为 "he did not regret it"
（他对此并不后悔）
用法详解
1. 作动词（及物）：
regret + n. 后悔某事
I regret my decision.（我后悔我的决定）
regret + doing 后悔做过某事
I regret telling him the truth.（我后悔告诉了他真相）
regret + to do 遗憾地要做某事
I regret to inform you...（我遗憾地通知您...）
2. 作名词：
have no regrets 无怨无悔
to one's regret 令某人遗憾的是
常见搭配
- deeply regret 深感后悔
- much to my regret 令我非常遗憾的是
- without regret 无怨无悔地
3.3 exciting / excited 兴奋的
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ (exciting) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ (excited) |
| 词性 | 形容词 (adj.) |
| 词频 | K1 (高频词) |
-ing vs -ed 形容词辨析
exciting（令人兴奋的）→ 修饰事物
excited（感到兴奋的）→ 修饰人
本课例句：
"He is finding his new work far more exciting"
（他发现他的新工作更加令人兴奋）
→ exciting 修饰 work（事物）
对比：
"He was excited about his new job"
（他对新工作感到兴奋）
→ excited 修饰 He（人）
类似词对
| -ing（令人…） | -ed（感到…） |
|---|---|
| interesting | interested |
| boring | bored |
| surprising | surprised |
| frightening | frightened |
| tiring | tired |
| amazing | amazed |
课文中的程度修饰
"far more exciting"
分析：
- far 修饰比较级 more exciting
- far more = much more（...得多）
- 其他类似修饰：even more, much more, a lot more
3.4 rush 冲；奔
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /rʌʃ/ |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K2 (中频词) |
词形变化
第三人称单数：rushes
过去式/过去分词：rushed
现在分词：rushing
名词：rush（单/复数）
课文例句
"he saw two thieves rush out of a shop"
（他看到两个小偷从一家商店冲出来）
语法说明：
- rush 在此是省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）
- see sb rush out 看见某人冲出去
- rush out of 从...冲出去
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| rush out of | 从…冲出去 | They rushed out of the building. |
| rush into | 冲进 | Don’t rush into a decision. |
| rush to | 奔向 | He rushed to her side. |
| rush hour | 高峰时间 | I hate driving during rush hour. |
| in a rush | 匆忙 | I’m in a rush today. |
词汇辨析
rush vs run vs hurry
- rush：强调速度快且慌乱
- run：一般的跑步
- hurry：强调时间紧迫
本课用 rush 体现小偷的慌乱和仓促
3.5 straight 径直地；直接的
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /streɪt/ |
| 词性 | 副词 (adv.) / 形容词 (adj.) |
| 词频 | K1 (高频词) |
课文例句
"drove the bus straight at the thieves"
（把公交车径直开向小偷）
分析：
- straight 是副词，修饰动词 drove
- straight at 径直朝向...
- 体现罗伊行动的果断和直接
副词 vs 形容词用法
作副词：
- drive straight 直着开
- look straight ahead 直视前方
- go straight home 直接回家
作形容词：
- a straight line 一条直线
- straight hair 直发
- be straight with sb 对某人坦诚
习语搭配
- straight away/off 立即，马上
- straight out 直截了当地
- straight up 真的，确实（口语）
- the straight and narrow 正途，正道
3.6 fright 惊吓
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /fraɪt/ |
| 词性 | 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K3 (中频词) |
| 注意 | 是名词，不是形容词 |
相关词族
fright（n.）惊吓
├── frighten（v.）使惊吓
│ ├── frightened（adj.）感到害怕的
│ └── frightening（adj.）令人害怕的
└── frightful（adj.）可怕的
课文例句：
"got such a fright" —— fright 是名词
↓
结构：such + a + 名词(fright) + that
课文例句详解
"The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag"
分析：
├─ such a fright（如此惊吓）
│ ├─ such + a/an + 名词
│ └─ fright 是名词，不是形容词
└─ that he dropped the bag（以至于掉了袋子）
└─ that 引导结果状语从句
注意区分：
such a fright（名词）≠ so frightened（形容词）
常见搭配
- get/have a fright 受到惊吓
- die of fright 吓死
- take fright at 因…而惊吓
- in fright 惊恐地
3.7 drop 掉落；落下
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /drɒp/ (英) /drɑːp/ (美) |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K1 (高频词) |
词形变化
第三人称单数：drops
过去式/过去分词：dropped（双写p加ed）
现在分词：dropping
课文例句
"he dropped the bag"
（他把袋子掉了/他让袋子掉了）
语境：
- 小偷因为惊吓而失手
- drop 强调"无意中使...落下"
常见含义与搭配
| 含义 | 搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 使落下 | drop sth | He dropped his keys. |
| 下降 | drop by/to | Temperatures dropped. |
| 放弃 | drop out/behind | He dropped out of school. |
| 顺路拜访 | drop by/in | Drop by anytime. |
| 暗示 | drop a hint | She dropped a hint about her birthday. |
drop vs fall 辨析
drop：及物或不及物，常指有意或无意使某物落下
He dropped the book.（他把书掉了）
fall：不及物，指自己落下或摔倒
The book fell to the ground.（书掉到地上）
本课用 drop（他使袋子掉了）比 fall（袋子掉了）更准确
3.8 get away 逃跑；离开
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ɡet əˈweɪ/ |
| 词性 | 短语动词 (phrasal verb) |
| 词频 | K2 (中频词) |
课文例句
"As the thieves were trying to get away in their car"
（当小偷试图乘汽车逃跑时）
分析：
- try to get away 试图逃跑
- get away in their car 乘车逃跑
- get away from 从...逃脱
短语动词搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| get away | 逃跑；离开 | The thief got away. |
| get away with | 做坏事未受惩罚 | He got away with cheating. |
| get away from | 逃离 | Get away from me! |
近义表达
逃跑的多种说法：
- run away 逃跑（最常用）
- get away 逃脱（强调成功逃离）
- escape 逃跑（正式）
- flee 逃走（文学性较强）
- break away 挣脱逃跑
3.9 batter 连续猛击；battered 撞坏的
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˈbætə(r)/ (v.) /ˈbætəd/ (adj.) |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 形容词 (adj.) |
| 词频 | K4 (中低频词) |
课文例句
"While the battered car was moving away"
（当那辆撞坏的汽车离开时）
分析：
- battered 是过去分词作定语
- = the car that was battered（被撞坏的汽车）
- 体现被动和完成的意义
batter 的词义发展
1. 动词：连续猛击
The waves battered the shore.
（海浪不断拍击海岸）
2. 过去分词作形容词：被连续击打后的状态
a battered old car 一辆破旧的车
battered wives 受虐待的妻子
3. 本课用法：被撞坏的
the battered car = 被（公交车）撞击后的汽车
3.10 damage 损坏；损害
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K2 (中频词) |
课文例句
"The thieves' car was badly damaged"
（小偷的车被严重损坏）
分析：
- was damaged 被动语态
- badly 程度副词，表示"严重地"
- 类似表达：seriously damaged, severely damaged
动词 vs 名词用法
作动词：
- The accident damaged his car.
（事故损坏了他 的车）
- Smoking damages your health.
（吸烟损害健康）
作名词（不可数）：
- cause damage 造成损坏
- repair the damage 修复损坏
- do damage to 对...造成损害
damage vs destroy vs ruin 辨析
damage：部分损坏，可修复
The car was damaged but repairable.
destroy：完全摧毁，不可修复
The building was destroyed by fire.
ruin：毁坏，可指具体或抽象事物
The rain ruined our picnic.
（抽象：毁掉、搞砸）
3.11 recognize 认出；识别
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) |
| 词频 | K2 (中频词) |
| 拼写 | 英：recognise / 美：recognize |
词形变化
第三人称单数：recognizes/recognises
过去式/过去分词：recognized/recognised
现在分词：recognizing/recognising
名词：recognition
课文例句
"easy to recognize"
（容易辨认）
分析：
- easy to do sth 容易做某事
- recognize 在此指"识别出、辨认出"损坏的车辆
- 因为 badly damaged（损坏严重），所以 easy to recognize
常见含义
| 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 认出（某人） | I didn’t recognize you with your new haircut. |
| 识别（物体） | The software can recognize handwriting. |
| 承认（事实） | They recognized that they had made a mistake. |
| 认可（成就） | His work was recognized with an award. |
3.12 arrest 逮捕
词汇信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /əˈrest/ |
| 词性 | 动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.) |
| 词频 | K3 (中频词) |
课文例句
"both men were arrested"
（两个人都被逮捕了）
分析：
- were arrested 一般过去时被动语态
- 动作执行者（警察）被省略
- 强调动作承受者（小偷）的结局
被动语态结构
主动：The police arrested both men.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动：Both men were arrested (by the police).
主语 谓语 （动作执行者，可省略）
常见搭配
- under arrest 被逮捕
- place/put sb under arrest 逮捕某人
- make an arrest 执行逮捕
- cardiac arrest 心脏骤停（医学用法）
四、词汇辨析
4.1 drive vs ride
| 词汇 | 含义 | 搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| drive | 驾驶（车辆） | drive a car/bus/taxi | He drives a bus. |
| ride | 骑（自行车/马）；乘坐 | ride a bike/horse | She rides to work. |
| take | 乘坐（交通工具） | take a bus/train | I take the bus. |
本课用法：
- drive a taxi（开出租车）
- drive a bus（开公交车）
- driving along Catford Street（沿着街道驾驶）
- drove his bus into...（把他的公交车开向...）
4.2 see vs look vs watch
| 词汇 | 含义 | 特点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| see | 看见 | 无意识、结果 | I saw a bird. |
| look | 看 | 有意识、动作 | Look at the bird! |
| watch | 观看 | 持续性关注 | Watch the game. |
本课用法：
"he saw two thieves rush out"
- see 强调"看见"的结果
- 搭配：see sb do sth 看见某人做某事
4.3 run vs rush
| 词汇 | 含义 | 语境 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| run | 跑 | 一般性 | He runs every day. |
| rush | 冲、奔 | 急促、慌乱 | They rushed out. |
本课用法：
"rush out of a shop and run towards..."
- rush out：冲出来（强调突然、慌乱）
- run towards：朝...跑去（强调方向）
4.4 car vs bus vs taxi
| 词汇 | 含义 | 本课角色 |
|---|---|---|
| taxi | 出租车 | 罗伊过去驾驶的工具 |
| bus | 公交车 | 罗伊现在驾驶的工具，也是拦截小偷的武器 |
| car | 小汽车 | 小偷的逃跑工具 |
五、短语与搭配
5.1 动词短语
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| used to do | 过去常常 | He used to smoke. |
| see sb do | 看见某人做 | I saw him leave. |
| rush out of | 从…冲出 | They rushed out of the room. |
| run towards | 朝…跑去 | She ran towards me. |
| act quickly | 迅速行动 | We must act quickly. |
| drive straight at | 径直开向 | He drove straight at the wall. |
| get away | 逃跑 | The dog got away. |
| telephone the police | 给警察打电话 | She telephoned the police. |
5.2 介词短语
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a short while ago | 不久前 | I saw him a short while ago. |
| along Catford Street | 沿着卡特福德街 | Walk along this street. |
| out of a shop | 从商店出来 | Come out of the shop. |
| towards a waiting car | 朝等待的车 | Walk towards the door. |
| full of money | 装满钱 | The box is full of books. |
| with the money | 带着钱 | The man with the money left. |
| in their car | 在他们的车里 | Sit in the car. |
| into the back of it | 撞到它的后部 | Drive into the garage. |
| shortly afterwards | 不久之后 | Shortly afterwards, he left. |
5.3 形容词短语
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| far more exciting | 令人兴奋得多 | It’s far more interesting. |
| full of money | 装满钱的 | a bag full of money |
| badly damaged | 严重损坏的 | The car was badly damaged. |
| easy to recognize | 容易辨认的 | The mark is easy to recognize. |
六、构词法分析
6.1 派生词
| 词根 | 派生词 | 词性 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| excite | exciting | adj. | 令人兴奋的 |
| excited | adj. | 感到兴奋的 | |
| excitement | n. | 兴奋 | |
| fright | frighten | v. | 使惊吓 |
| frightened | adj. | 感到害怕的 | |
| frightening | adj. | 令人害怕的 | |
| damage | damaged | adj. | 损坏的 |
| damaging | adj. | 有损害的 | |
| regret | regretful | adj. | 后悔的 |
| regrettable | adj. | 令人遗憾的 |
6.2 复合词
| 复合词 | 组成 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| bus-driver | bus + driver | 公交车司机 |
| waiting car | waiting + car | 等待的车 |
| thieves’ car | thieves’ + car | 小偷的车 |
6.3 合成形容词
| 形式 | 例词 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在分词 | waiting | 等待的 |
| 过去分词 | battered | 撞坏的 |
| 过去分词 | damaged | 损坏的 |
七、词汇学习策略
7.1 主题词汇网络
【驾驶/交通主题】
drive
┌───────────┼───────────┐
driver driving drove
│ │ │
bus driver along... into the back
taxi driver waiting stopped
【犯罪/法律主题】
thief/thieves
┌─────────────┼─────────────┐
steal arrest police
│ │ │
bag full of were arrested telephoned
money
│
dropped
7.2 词块学习法
高频词块（建议整块记忆）：
1. used to drive a taxi
2. a short while ago
3. far more exciting
4. driving along... Street
5. rush out of
6. run towards
7. a bag full of money
8. act quickly
9. drive straight at
10. such a fright that
11. get away
12. badly damaged
13. easy to recognize
14. shortly afterwards
15. were arrested
7.3 词根词缀记忆
【词根：-cit- 召唤、激起】
- excite（ex-出 + cite召唤）→ 激起情绪 → 使兴奋
- exciting / excited / excitement
【词根：-par- 准备】
- prepare（pre-前 + par准备）→ 准备
- preparation
【词根：-rupt- 断裂】
- interrupt（inter-中间 + rupt断）→ 打断
- abrupt（ab-离开 + rupt断）→ 突然的
八、词汇练习
8.1 选词填空
用所给词的适当形式填空：
- The _______ (thief) were caught by the police.
- I _______ (see) him _______ (enter) the room.
- The movie was so _______ (excite) that everyone cheered.
- He was _______ (frighten) by the loud noise.
- The car was _______ (bad) damaged in the accident.
- I _______ (use) to play football after school.
- They _______ (rush) out of the building when the fire alarm went off.
- Both men were _______ (arrest) yesterday.
答案：
- thieves
- saw, enter
- exciting
- frightened
- badly
- used
- rushed
- arrested
8.2 词汇搭配
将左右两栏搭配起来：
| 左栏 | 右栏 |
|---|---|
| 1. rush | a. the police |
| 2. get | b. out of |
| 3. drive | c. away |
| 4. telephone | d. straight at |
| 5. act | e. quickly |
答案： 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a, 5-e
8.3 翻译练习
将下列句子翻译成英文：
- 他过去常常早起。
- 我看见他从商店里跑出来。
- 这部电影如此有趣以至于我想再看一遍。
- 小偷试图逃跑但被抓住了。
- 这辆车损坏严重，很容易辨认。
答案：
- He used to get up early.
- I saw him run out of the shop.
- The film was so interesting that I wanted to see it again.
- The thief tried to get away but was caught.
- The car was badly damaged and easy to recognize.
九、本课词汇框架图
第35课 Stop thief! 词汇体系
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
【核心名词】
├── thief/thieves（小偷）← 主题词
├── taxi/bus/car（交通工具）
├── bag/money（赃物）
├── fright（惊吓）
└── police（警察）
【核心动词】
├── drive（驾驶）
├── see（看见）← 感官动词
├── rush/run（冲/跑）
├── act（行动）
├── drop（掉落）
├── damage（损坏）
└── arrest（逮捕）
【形容词/副词】
├── exciting/excited（兴奋的）
├── straight（径直地）
├── quickly（迅速地）
├── badly（严重地）
└── easy（容易的）
【重点短语】
├── used to do（过去常常）
├── see sb do（看见某人做）
├── such...that（如此...以至于）
├── get away（逃跑）
└── be arrested（被逮捕）
【构词法】
├── -ing/-ed 形容词：exciting/excited, frightening/frightened
├── 不规则复数：thief → thieves
└── 过去分词作定语：battered, damaged
本课涉及的语法术语
词类 (Parts of Speech)
- 名词 — n. 表示人、事物、地点，如 thief, bag, money
- 动词 — v. 表示动作或状态，如 drive, see, rush, drop
- 形容词 — adj. 修饰名词，如 exciting, full, easy
- 副词 — adv. 修饰动词、形容词，如 quickly, straight, badly
- 介词 — prep. in, out of, towards, into 等
- 连词 — conj. and, when, as, while 等
- 代词 — pron. he, him, it, them, one 等
动词相关 (Verb Related)
- 及物动词 — Vt. 需要接宾语，如 drive, see, drop
- 不及物动词 — Vi. 不需要接宾语，如 rush, run
- 短语动词 — Phrasal Verb: get away, rush out
- 感官动词 — see sb do sth 结构
- 不规则动词 — see-saw-seen
- 不规则名词复数 — thief-thieves
时态 (Tense)
非谓语动词
- 不定式 — to do / do（省略to的形式）
- 现在分词 — doing，作定语或构成进行时，如 waiting
- 过去分词 — done，作定语或构成被动语态，如 battered, damaged
从句 (Clauses)
句子成分 (Sentence Elements)
- 主语 — Subject
- 谓语 — Predicate
- 宾语 — Object
- 宾语补足语 — Object Complement，如 rush out, drop the bag
- 定语 — Attributive，如 full of money
- 状语 — Adverbial，如 quickly, straight at
其他
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文档版本: 1.0
适用课号: 第35课 Stop thief!
核心词汇: thief, rush, fright, drop, damage, arrest, get away