第35课 Stop thief! 捉贼！深度语法分析
课号：第35课（共96课）
标题：Stop thief!（捉贼！）
核心语法重点：used to do、see sb do sth、such…that…、时间状语从句、被动语态
难度等级：★★★☆（中级进阶）
课文原文
**Lesson 35: Stop thief! 捉贼！**
**参考译文：**
罗伊·特伦顿过去开出租车。然而不久前，他成了一名公交车司机，对此他并不后悔。他发现他的新工作更加令人兴奋。最近当他沿着卡特福德街行驶时，他看到两个小偷从一家商店冲出来，朝一辆等着的车跑去。其中一个带着装满钱的袋子。罗伊迅速行动，把公交车径直开向小偷。拿钱的那个吓得把袋子掉了。当小偷试图乘汽车逃跑时，罗伊把他的公交车撞上了汽车尾部。当那辆撞坏的汽车离开时，罗伊停下了公交车并给警察打电话。小偷的车损坏严重，很容易辨认。不久之后，警察拦下了汽车，两个人都被逮捕了。
Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves’ car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
一、词法分析 (Morphology)
1.1 核心词汇词类标注
| 词汇 | 音标 | 词性 | 本课含义 | 词形变化 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| thief | /θiːf/ | n. | 小偷 | thieves (复数) |
| regret | /rɪˈɡret/ | v./n. | 后悔；遗憾 | regretted (过去式/过去分词) |
| exciting | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ | adj. | 令人兴奋的 | excited (感到兴奋的) |
| rush | /rʌʃ/ | v. | 冲；奔 | rushes (三单), rushed (过去式) |
| straight | /streɪt/ | adv./adj. | 径直地；直接的 | — |
| fright | /fraɪt/ | n. | 惊吓 | frightening (adj.), frightened (adj.) |
| battered | /ˈbætəd/ | adj. | 撞坏的； battered | batter (v.) 猛击 |
| damage | /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ | v./n. | 损坏 | damaged (过去式/过去分词) |
| recognize | /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ | v. | 认出；识别 | recognized (过去式) |
| arrest | /əˈrest/ | v./n. | 逮捕 | arrested (过去式/过去分词) |
1.2 词形变化要点
1.2.1 不规则名词复数变化
thief → thieves（小偷）
本课例句：
"he saw two thieves rush out of a shop"
（他看到两个小偷从一家商店冲出来）
变化规则：
以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词，变 -f/fe 为 -ves
- thief → thieves
- knife → knives
- wife → wives
- life → lives
- leaf → leaves
- shelf → shelves
1.2.2 动词不规则变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 本课出现 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| drive | drove | driven | driving | drove, driving |
| see | saw | seen | seeing | saw |
| run | ran | run | running | run (towards) |
| drop | dropped | dropped | dropping | dropped |
| get | got | got/gotten | getting | get (away) |
1.2.3 形容词/副词同源词
quick → quickly → quick（快）
本课例句：
"Roy acted quickly"
（罗伊迅速行动）
语法说明：
- quick 是形容词：a quick action
- quickly 是副词：act quickly
- 口语中也可用 quick 作副词：Come quick!
二、句法分析 (Syntax)
2.1 全文句型统计
| 句型类别 | 数量 | 占比 | 例句编号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 3 | 30% | S1, S3, S8 |
| 并列句 | 3 | 30% | S2, S6, S10 |
| 复合句（含从句） | 4 | 40% | S4, S5, S7, S9 |
| 总计 | 10 | 100% | — |
2.2 逐句成分分析
S1: 开篇背景句
Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi.
句子结构：
├─ Roy Trenton [主语] — 人名
├─ used to drive [谓语] — 过去习惯动作
│ ├─ used to [情态动词短语] — 过去常常
│ └─ drive [动词原形] — 驾驶
└─ a taxi [宾语] — 一辆出租车
语法要点：
★ used to do 结构表示"过去常常/过去习惯做某事"（现在已不做）
S2: 转折叙述句（并列句）
A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it.
句子结构：
【分句1】
├─ A short while ago [时间状语] — 不久前
├─ however [连接副词/插入语] — 然而
├─ he [主语]
├─ became [系动词] — 变成
└─ a bus-driver [表语] — 公交车司机
【分句2】
├─ he [主语]
├─ was not regretted [谓语] — 并不后悔
│ └─ 注：应为"he did not regret it"
└─ it [宾语] — 指代"became a bus-driver"
并列连词：and
S3: 状态描述句
He is finding his new work far more exciting.
句子结构：
├─ He [主语]
├─ is finding [谓语] — 现在进行时，表示"逐渐发现"
├─ his new work [宾语]
└─ far more exciting [宾语补足语] — 令人兴奋得多
├─ far [程度副词] — 修饰比较级，表示"...得多"
├─ more [比较级标记]
└─ exciting [形容词] — 令人兴奋的
语法要点：
★ find + 宾语 + 形容词（发现...怎么样）
★ far 修饰比较级表示程度
S4: 核心场景句（时间状语从句+复合宾语）
When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
句子结构：
【时间状语从句】
├─ When [从属连词]
├─ he [主语]
├─ was driving [谓语] — 过去进行时
├─ along Catford Street [地点状语]
└─ recently [时间状语]
【主句】
├─ he [主语]
├─ saw [谓语] — 感官动词
├─ two thieves [宾语]
└─ rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car [宾语补足语]
├─ rush out of a shop [动词短语1]
│ ├─ rush [动词原形]
│ └─ out of a shop [介词短语]
├─ and [并列连词]
└─ run towards a waiting car [动词短语2]
├─ run [动词原形]
└─ towards a waiting car [介词短语]
└─ waiting [现在分词作定语] — 等待中的
语法要点：
★ see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（全过程）
★ when 引导时间状语从句
★ 现在分词 waiting 作定语修饰 car
S5: 伴随描述句（过去进行时）
One of them was carrying a bag full of money.
句子结构：
├─ One of them [主语] — 其中一人
├─ was carrying [谓语] — 过去进行时
├─ a bag [宾语]
└─ full of money [形容词短语作定语] — 装满钱的
├─ full of [形容词短语] — 充满...的
└─ money [介词宾语]
语法要点：
★ 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作
★ full of money 作后置定语修饰 bag
S6: 核心动作句（并列句）
Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves.
句子结构：
【分句1】
├─ Roy [主语]
├─ acted [谓语]
└─ quickly [状语]
【分句2】
├─ Roy [主语，省略]
├─ drove [谓语]
├─ the bus [宾语]
└─ straight at the thieves [状语] — 径直向小偷
├─ straight [副词] — 径直地
└─ at the thieves [介词短语]
并列连词：and
S7: 结果描述句（such…that…结果状语从句）
The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
句子结构：
【主句】
├─ The one with the money [主语] — 拿钱的那个
│ └─ with the money [介词短语作定语]
├─ got [谓语] — 得到，此处意为"受到"
└─ such a fright [宾语] — 如此大的惊吓
├─ such [限定词]
├─ a [冠词]
└─ fright [名词] — 惊吓
【结果状语从句】
├─ that [从属连词]
├─ he [主语]
├─ dropped [谓语]
└─ the bag [宾语]
语法要点：
★ such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that...
→ such a fright that...（如此惊吓以至于...）
★ 注意：fright 是名词，不是形容词
S8: 时间背景句（as引导时间状语从句）
As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it.
句子结构：
【时间状语从句】
├─ As [从属连词] — 当...时
├─ the thieves [主语]
├─ were trying [谓语] — 过去进行时
└─ to get away in their car [不定式作宾语] — 试图乘车逃跑
├─ to get away [动词不定式]
└─ in their car [介词短语]
【主句】
├─ Roy [主语]
├─ drove [谓语]
├─ his bus [宾语]
└─ into the back of it [状语] — 撞到它的后部
语法要点：
★ as 引导时间状语从句，表示"当...时"
★ try to do sth 试图做某事
★ get away 逃跑，离开
S9: 延续动作句（while引导时间状语从句）
While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
句子结构：
【时间状语从句】
├─ While [从属连词] — 当...时
├─ the battered car [主语] — 撞坏的汽车
│ └─ battered [过去分词作定语] — 撞坏的
├─ was moving away [谓语] — 过去进行时
【主句】
├─ Roy [主语]
├─ stopped [谓语1]
├─ his bus [宾语1]
├─ and [并列连词]
├─ telephoned [谓语2]
└─ the police [宾语2]
语法要点：
★ while 引导时间状语从句，强调"在...期间"
★ battered 是过去分词作定语，表示被动完成
S10: 结局叙述句（并列句+被动语态）
The thieves’ car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
句子结构：
【第一句】
├─ The thieves' car [主语] — 小偷的车
├─ was badly damaged [谓语1] — 被动语态，被严重损坏
│ ├─ was [助动词]
│ ├─ badly [状语] — 严重地
│ └─ damaged [过去分词]
├─ and [并列连词]
└─ easy to recognize [形容词短语] — 容易辨认
├─ easy [形容词]
└─ to recognize [不定式作状语]
【第二句】
├─ Shortly afterwards [时间状语] — 不久之后
├─ the police [主语]
├─ stopped [谓语]
├─ the car [宾语]
├─ and [并列连词]
├─ both men [主语]
├─ were arrested [谓语] — 被动语态，被逮捕
语法要点：
★ 被动语态：be + 过去分词
★ 并列句连接两个独立事件
三、核心语法点详解
3.1 used to do 的用法
3.1.1 基本结构
used to + 动词原形 — 表示"过去常常做某事"（现在已不做）
肯定式：主语 + used to + do
否定式：主语 + didn't use to + do / used not to + do
疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + do? / Used + 主语 + to + do?
3.1.2 课文例句分析
"Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi."
（罗伊·特伦顿过去开出租车。）
含义：他过去是出租车司机，现在不是了
对比：
- 过去：drive a taxi（开出租车）
- 现在：became a bus-driver（成为公交车司机）
3.1.3 used to / be used to / get used to 辨析
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| used to do | 过去常常做（现在不做了） | He used to smoke. |
| be used to doing | 习惯于做某事 | He is used to getting up early. |
| be used to do | 被用来做某事 | Wood is used to make paper. |
| get used to doing | 逐渐习惯做某事 | You’ll get used to living here. |
3.1.4 常见错误
❌ 错误：He used to driving a taxi.
✅ 正确：He used to drive a taxi.
❌ 错误：He is used to drive a taxi.
✅ 正确：He is used to driving a taxi.
3.2 see sb do sth 感官动词结构
3.2.1 基本结构
感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形（省略to的不定式）表示”看见/听见/感觉某人做某事的全过程”
| 感官动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| see | I saw him enter the room. |
| watch | She watched the children play. |
| hear | We heard someone sing. |
| feel | I felt something touch my hand. |
| notice | Did you notice anyone leave? |
| observe | They observed the birds fly south. |
3.2.2 两种形式的区别
see sb do sth — 看见某人做某事（全过程/经常性）
see sb doing sth — 看见某人正在做某事（片段性）
例句对比：
I saw him cross the road.（看见他过了马路的全过程）
I saw him crossing the road.（看见他正在过马路）
3.2.3 课文例句分析
"he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car"
分析：
├─ see [感官动词]
├─ two thieves [宾语]
└─ rush out of a shop and run towards... [宾语补足语，动词原形]
├─ rush [动词原形1]
└─ run [动词原形2，与rush并列]
注意：两个动词原形 rush 和 run 并列，用 and 连接
3.2.4 被动语态中的还原
主动：I saw him enter the room.
被动：He was seen to enter the room.（to 必须还原）
本课对应：
主动：he saw two thieves rush out...
被动：Two thieves were seen to rush out of a shop by him.
3.3 such…that… 结果状语从句
3.3.1 基本结构
such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句
↓
"如此...以至于..."
四种形式：
1. such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that
such a beautiful day that...
2. such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that
such good books that...
3. such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that
such fine weather that...
4. such + 名词 + that
such luck that...
3.3.2 课文例句分析
"The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag."
分析：
├─ such [限定词]
├─ a [冠词]
├─ fright [名词，惊吓]
└─ that he dropped the bag [结果状语从句]
结构：such + a + fright + that 从句
译文：如此惊吓以至于...
3.3.3 such…that… vs so…that…
| 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| such + (a/an) + adj. + n. | 中心词是名词 | such a good book |
| so + adj./adv. | 中心词是形容词/副词 | so good |
| so + adj. + a/an + n. | 形容词在前 | so good a book |
转换示例：
such a fright = so great a fright
such good books = so good books
such fine weather = so fine weather
本课对应：
such a fright = so great a fright
got so great a fright that he dropped the bag
3.4 时间状语从句
3.4.1 when / while / as 的区别
| 连词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| when | 当…时，可接短暂/延续性动词 | When he arrived, I was reading. |
| while | 在…期间，强调同时性，常接延续性动词 | While I was reading, he came in. |
| as | 当…时，强调”一边…一边”或”随着” | As I walked, I sang. |
3.4.2 课文中的时间状语从句
1. When he was driving along Catford Street recently...
【when + 过去进行时】
当他正沿着卡特福德街行驶时...
2. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car...
【as + 过去进行时】
当小偷试图乘车逃跑时...
3. While the battered car was moving away...
【while + 过去进行时】
当那辆撞坏的汽车离开时...
3.4.3 时态呼应规则
时间状语从句中，主句和从句的时态呼应：
1. 主句过去时 + 从句过去时
When he was driving..., he saw...
2. 主句过去进行时 + 从句过去进行时（强调同时）
While he was reading, she was cooking.
3. 主句一般过去时 + 从句过去进行时（动作被打断）
He came in when I was reading.
3.5 被动语态
3.5.1 基本结构
be + 过去分词 (by + 动作执行者，可省略)
时态变化：
- 一般现在时：am/is/are done
- 一般过去时：was/were done
- 现在进行时：am/is/are being done
- 过去进行时：was/were being done
- 现在完成时：have/has been done
- 过去完成时：had been done
- 一般将来时：will be done
3.5.2 课文中的被动语态
1. "he was not regretted it"
【一般过去时被动】
注：此句应为 "he did not regret it"（主动语态）
2. "The thieves' car was badly damaged"
【一般过去时被动】
小偷的车被严重损坏
3. "both men were arrested"
【一般过去时被动】
两个人都被逮捕了
3.5.3 被动语态的使用场景
1. 不知道或不必提及动作执行者
The window was broken.（窗户被打碎了）
2. 强调动作的承受者而非执行者
The book was written in 1990.（这本书写于1990年）
3. 动作执行者 obvious 或不重要
He was arrested yesterday.（他昨天被捕了）
3.5.4 双宾语动词的被动转换
主动：Someone gave me a book.
被动1：I was given a book (by someone).（间接宾语作主语）
被动2：A book was given to me (by someone).（直接宾语作主语）
本课类似结构：
主动：The police arrested both men.
被动：Both men were arrested (by the police).
四、重点难点解析
4.1 课文中的语法修正
原文：he was not regretted it.
修正：he did not regret it.
说明：
- regret 在此是及物动词，"后悔某事"应用主动语态
- regret 的宾语是 it（指代成为公交车司机这件事）
- 正确结构：主语 + regret + 宾语
4.2 far more exciting 的程度表达
"He is finding his new work far more exciting."
分析：
- more exciting 是 exciting 的比较级
- far 是程度副词，修饰比较级
- far more = much more（...得多）
其他修饰比较级的词：
- much / far / a lot / a great deal（...得多）
- even / still（甚至更...）
- a little / a bit / slightly（稍微...一点）
4.3 过去分词作定语
1. "a waiting car" — 现在分词作定语（主动，正在进行的）
= a car that is waiting（一辆正在等待的车）
2. "the battered car" — 过去分词作定语（被动，已完成的）
= the car that was battered（被撞坏的车）
3. "a bag full of money" — 形容词短语作定语
= a bag that is full of money
4.4 介词短语作后置定语
1. "The one with the money" — 带钱的那个
with the money 作定语修饰 the one
2. "two thieves rush out of a shop" — 从商店冲出来
out of a shop 表示"从...出来"
3. "run towards a waiting car" — 朝等待的车跑去
towards 表示方向
4. "get away in their car" — 乘他们的车逃跑
in 表示交通方式
五、语法练习
5.1 填空练习
- I ________ (use) to play basketball after school.
- Did you see him ________ (enter) the room?
- It was ________ hot a day that we stayed at home.
- ________ he was sleeping, a thief broke in.
- The window ________ (break) by the boy yesterday.
答案：
- used
- enter
- so
- When/While
- was broken
5.2 句型转换
- He used to smoke.（改为否定句）
- I saw her cross the road.（改为被动语态）
- It was such a difficult question that nobody could answer it.（用 so…that… 改写）
- While he was walking in the park, he met an old friend.（用 when 改写）
答案：
- He didn’t use to smoke. / He used not to smoke.
- She was seen to cross the road.
- It was so difficult a question that nobody could answer it.
- When he was walking in the park, he met an old friend.
5.3 翻译练习
- 我过去常常骑自行车上学。
- 我看见他从商店里跑出来。
- 这部电影如此有趣以至于我想再看一遍。
- 当我在做饭时，电话响了。
- 这两个小偷最终被警察抓住了。
答案：
- I used to go to school by bike.
- I saw him run out of the shop.
- The film was so interesting that I wanted to see it again.
- When/While I was cooking, the telephone rang.
- The two thieves were finally caught by the police.
六、本课语法框架图
第35课 Stop thief! 语法体系
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【时态系统】
├── 一般过去时：used to drive, became, saw, acted
├── 过去进行时：was driving, was carrying, were trying
└── 现在进行时：is finding（表示逐渐变化）
【非谓语动词】
├── 不定式（省略to）：see sb rush/run（感官动词后）
├── 不定式（带to）：to get away, to recognize
└── 分词作定语：waiting（现在分词）, battered（过去分词）
【从句系统】
├── 时间状语从句：when, while, as
└── 结果状语从句：such...that...
【特殊结构】
├── used to do（过去习惯）
├── see sb do sth（感官动词+宾补）
└── 被动语态：was damaged, were arrested
【形容词/副词】
├── 比较级：more exciting
├── 程度修饰：far more
└── 形容词短语：full of money
本课涉及的语法术语
时态相关
从句相关
非谓语动词
- 不定式 — to do / do（省略to的形式）
- 现在分词 — doing，作定语或构成进行时
- 过去分词 — done，作定语或构成被动语态
- 分词作定语 — waiting, battered 修饰名词
句子结构
- 被动语态 — be + 过去分词，表示”被…”
- 感官动词 — see, hear, watch 等 + 宾语 + 动词原形
- 宾语补足语 — rush out, drop the bag 等补充说明宾语
- 比较级 — more exciting 形容词比较级
词类
- 名词 — thief, fright 等
- 动词 — drive, see, rush 等
- 形容词 — exciting, full, easy 等
- 副词 — quickly, straight, badly 等
- 介词短语 — out of, towards, into 等
其他
💡 提示：点击术语链接可跳转到详细解释，使用 Obsidian 可查看双向链接关系。
分析完成时间: 2026-04-02
课号: Lesson 35
核心语法: used to do, see sb do sth, such…that…, 时间状语从句, 被动语态