第46课 Expensive and uncomfortable 深度语法分析
课号：第46课（共96课）
标题：Expensive and uncomfortable（既昂贵又受罪）
核心语法重点：过去完成时、过去进行时、结果状语从句(so…that…)、定语从句
难度等级：★★★☆（四级进阶）
课文原文
**Lesson 46: Expensive and uncomfortable 既昂贵又受罪**
**参考译文：**
当一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时，工人们开始卸下一批装有服装的木箱。没有人能解释为什么其中一个箱子特别重。一个工人突然想到打开箱子看看。他对所发现的东西感到惊讶。一个人正躺在一堆毛织品上面的箱子里。他被发现后如此惊讶，以至于甚至没有试图逃跑。在被逮捕后，那人承认他在飞机离开伦敦前藏进了箱子。他经历了一次漫长而难受的旅行，因为他被限制在木箱里超过十个小时。那人被命令支付345英镑作为这次旅行的费用。一张机票的正常价格是230英镑！
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours. The man was ordered to pay £345 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is £230!
一、词法分析 (Morphology)
1.1 核心词汇词类标注
| 词汇 | 音标 | 词性 | 本课含义 | 词形变化 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unload | /ʌnˈləʊd/ | v. | 卸货 | unloaded (过去式), unloading (现在分词) |
| contain | /kənˈteɪn/ | v. | 包含；装有 | contains (三单), contained (过去式) |
| account for | /əˈkaʊnt fɔː(r)/ | v. phr. | 解释；说明 | — |
| extremely | /ɪkˈstriːmli/ | adv. | 极其；非常 | extreme (adj.) |
| occur | /əˈkɜː(r)/ | v. | 发生；想起 | occurs, occurred, occurring |
| astonish | /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ | v. | 使惊讶 | astonished (adj.), astonishing (adj.) |
| woollen | /ˈwʊlən/ | adj. | 羊毛的 | wool (n.) |
| discover | /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ | v. | 发现 | discovered, discovery (n.) |
| arrest | /əˈrest/ | v./n. | 逮捕 | arrested, arresting |
| admit | /ədˈmɪt/ | v. | 承认；准许进入 | admits, admitted, admitting |
| confine | /kənˈfaɪn/ | v. | 限制；禁闭 | confined, confining |
1.2 词形变化要点
1.2.1 动词不规则变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 本课出现 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| arrive | arrived | arrived | arriving | arrived |
| begin | began | begun | beginning | began |
| find | found | found | finding | found |
| lie | lay | lain | lying | was lying |
| run | ran | run | running | run away |
| leave | left | left | leaving | left |
| have | had | had | having | had had |
特殊用法：
- was lying - 过去进行时，lie（躺）的现在分词为 lying
- had had - 过去完成时，第一个had是助动词，第二个had是实义动词”有/经历”
- run away - 逃跑，run的过去分词同形
1.2.2 派生词族
contain 词族：
contain (v.) 包含
↓
container (n.) 容器；集装箱
↓
content (n.) 内容；含量
↓
contents (n.) 所含之物；目录
astonish 词族：
astonish (v.) 使惊讶
↓
astonished (adj.) 感到惊讶的（修饰人）
astonishing (adj.) 令人惊讶的（修饰物）
↓
astonishment (n.) 惊讶
本课中 astonished at 用于描述人的感受。
1.2.3 复合形容词
| 复合词 | 构成 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| wooden | wood + -en | 木制的 | wooden boxes 木箱 |
| woollen | wool + -len | 羊毛的 | woollen goods 毛织品 |
二、句法分析 (Syntax)
2.1 全文句型统计
| 句型类别 | 数量 | 占比 | 例句编号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 2 | 16.7% | S4, S11 |
| 并列句 | 1 | 8.3% | S10 |
| 复合句（含从句） | 9 | 75% | S1, S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 |
| 总计 | 12 | 100% | — |
2.2 逐句成分分析
S1: 事件开端
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.
句子结构：主从复合句（含时间状语从句+定语从句）
时间状语从句：
When │ a plane │ from London │ arrived │ at Sydney airport
连词 │ 主语 │ 后置定语 │ 谓语 │ 地点状语
主句：
workers │ began │ to unload a number of wooden boxes [which...]
主语 │ 谓语 │ 不定式宾语（含定语从句）
定语从句（修饰boxes）：
which │ contained │ clothing
主语 │ 谓语 │ 宾语
语法要点：
1. when引导时间状语从句，"当...时"
2. from London - 介词短语作后置定语修饰plane
3. began to unload - begin后接不定式作宾语
4. which引导定语从句，修饰boxes，在从句中作主语
S2: 疑点出现
No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.
句子结构：简单句（含同位语从句）
主干：
No one │ could account for │ the fact [that...]
主语 │ 谓语 │ 宾语（含同位语从句）
同位语从句（说明fact内容）：
that │ one of the boxes │ was │ extremely heavy
连词 │ 主语 │ 系 │ 表语
语法要点：
1. could - 情态动词can的过去式，表示"能够"
2. account for - 短语动词，"解释；说明"
3. that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容（不可省略that）
4. extremely heavy - 副词修饰形容词，程度状语
S3: 灵光一闪
It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.
句子结构：简单句（It作形式主语）
主干：
It │ suddenly occurred │ to one of the workers │ [to open up the box]
形主│ 谓语 │ 间接宾语/状语 │ 真正主语（不定式）
语法要点：
1. 【重要句型】It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth.
= "某人突然想起做某事"
2. It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语
正常语序：To open up the box suddenly occurred to one of the workers.
（头重脚轻，故用It作形式主语）
3. suddenly - 时间副词，强调突然性
4. open up - 短语动词，"打开"
S4: 惊讶发现
He was astonished at what he found.
句子结构：简单句（含宾语从句）
主干：
He │ was astonished │ at [what he found]
主语│ 谓语（被动） │ 介词+宾语从句
宾语从句（作at的宾语）：
what │ he │ found
宾语 │ 主 │ 谓语
语法要点：
1. was astonished at - be astonished at/by，"对...感到惊讶"
2. what引导名词性从句，作at的宾语
= the thing(s) that he found
3. astonished - 过去分词作形容词，描述人的感受
S5: 发现真相
A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods.
句子结构：简单句（过去进行时）
主干：
A man │ was lying │ in the box │ on top of a pile of woollen goods
主语 │ 谓语 │ 地点状语1 │ 地点状语2
语法要点：
1. 【核心语法】过去进行时：was/were + doing
was lying = 正在躺着
2. lie（躺）→ lay（过去式）→ lain（过去分词）→ lying（现在分词）
注意区分：lie(躺) vs lay(放置) vs lie(说谎)
3. on top of - 介词短语，"在...上面"
4. a pile of - 量词短语，"一堆..."
5. woollen goods - woollen(形容词) + goods(名词，"货物")
S6: 难句重点——结果状语从句
He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.
句子结构：主从复合句（含结果状语从句）
主句：
He │ was │ so surprised at being discovered
主 │ 系 │ 表语（含so...that结构）
结果状语从句：
that │ he │ did not even try │ to run away
连词 │ 主 │ 谓语 │ 不定式宾语
语法要点：
1. 【核心语法】so...that... 结果状语从句
so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句
"如此...以至于..."
2. surprised at - "对...感到惊讶"
3. being discovered - 动名词被动式，"被发现"
be surprised at + doing 对做某事感到惊讶
4. did not even try - even加强否定语气，"甚至不"
5. try to do sth. - 试图做某事
6. run away - 短语动词，"逃跑"
S7: 承认罪行
After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.
句子结构：主从复合句（含时间状语从句+宾语从句）
时间状语从句1：
After │ he │ was arrested
连词 │ 主 │ 谓语（被动语态）
主句：
the man │ admitted │ hiding in the box [before...]
主语 │ 谓语 │ 动名词宾语（含时间状语从句2）
时间状语从句2：
before │ the plane │ left London
连词 │ 主语 │ 谓语
语法要点：
1. after/before引导时间状语从句
2. was arrested - 一般过去时被动语态
3. 【重要用法】admit + doing = 承认做了某事
admit hiding = 承认藏匿
注意：admit后接动名词，不接不定式
4. before从句用一般过去时(left)表示过去的过去
S8: 难句重点——过去完成时
He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours.
句子结构：并列复合句（for连接表原因）
分句1：
He │ had had │ a long and uncomfortable trip
主 │ 谓语 │ 宾语
分句2：
for │ he │ had been confined │ to the wooden box │ for over ten hours
连词│ 主 │ 谓语（被动完成） │ 介词短语 │ 时间状语
语法要点：
1. 【核心语法】过去完成时：had + done
had had 中：
- 第一个 had = 助动词（构成过去完成时）
- 第二个 had = 实义动词 have（"有/经历"）的过去分词
2. for引导原因状语从句（较正式，= because）
3. 【核心语法】过去完成时被动：had been + done
had been confined = 在过去某个时间点之前已经被限制
4. be confined to - "被限制在..."
5. for over ten hours - for + 时间段，表示动作持续时长
本句涉及语法术语：过去完成时 | 过去完成时的被动语态 | 原因状语从句
S9: 判决结果
The man was ordered to pay £345 for the cost of the trip.
句子结构：简单句（含被动语态+不定式）
主干：
The man │ was ordered │ to pay £345 │ for the cost of the trip
主语 │ 谓语（被动）│ 主语补足语 │ 目的/原因状语
语法要点：
1. was ordered to pay - 一般过去时被动语态 + 不定式
【结构】be ordered to do sth. = 被命令做某事
2. 被动语态后接不定式作主语补足语
主动语序：Someone ordered the man to pay £345.
3. for the cost of the trip - for表示"作为；为了"
S10: 讽刺对比
The normal price of a ticket is £230!
句子结构：简单句
主干：
The normal price of a ticket │ is │ £230
主语 │ 系 │ 表语
语法要点：
1. 使用一般现在时is，表示客观事实/常态
2. normal price - "正常价格"，与偷渡者的£345形成讽刺对比
3. 感叹号强调讽刺语气
2.3 从句类型汇总
| 从句类型 | 出现次数 | 引导词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 时间状语从句 | 3 | when, after, before | S1, S7 |
| 定语从句 | 1 | which | S1 |
| 同位语从句 | 1 | that | S2 |
| 结果状语从句 | 1 | so…that… | S6 |
| 原因状语从句 | 1 | for | S8 |
| 宾语从句 | 1 | what | S4 |
| 总计 | 8 | — | — |
2.4 从句嵌套关系图
句子嵌套层级示意图：
S1 (When...)
├── 时间状语从句 (When a plane...arrived)
└── 主句
└── which引导的定语从句（修饰boxes）
S6 (He was so surprised...)
├── 主句（含so...that结构）
└── that引导的结果状语从句
S7 (After he was arrested...)
├── after引导的时间状语从句
└── 主句
└── before引导的时间状语从句
S8 (He had had...)
├── 分句1 (had had - 过去完成时)
└── for引导的原因状语从句（分句2）
└── had been confined (过去完成时被动)
三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)
3.1 时态系统分析
3.1.1 时态分布统计
| 时态 | 出现次数 | 例句 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般过去时 | 7 | arrived, began, contained, occurred, found, admitted, left | 叙事主线 |
| 过去进行时 | 1 | was lying | 描述过去某时刻正在进行的动作 |
| 过去完成时 | 2 | had had, had been confined | ”过去的过去”，先于主句动作 |
| 一般现在时 | 1 | is | 客观事实 |
| 被动语态 | 3 | was arrested, had been confined, was ordered | 强调动作的承受者 |
3.1.2 时态关系时间轴
时间轴示意图：
过去（更早）──────────────────────────────────────► 现在
飞机离开伦敦
↓
男人藏入箱子
│
│ had had a long trip (过去完成时)
│ had been confined (过去完成时被动)
│ 过去的过去
│
▼
─────────────────────────────────────────────
│ 飞机抵达悉尼 │ 工人卸货 │ 发现偷渡者 │
│ arrived │ began to │ was lying │
│ │ unload │ discovered │
│ │ │ │
│ │ occurred to │ was arrested│
│ │ open the box │ │
│ │ │ admitted │
│ │ │ hiding │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
─────────────────────────────────────────────
│
▼
was ordered to pay (被动)
The price is £230! (一般现在时-客观事实)
3.2 过去完成时详解（本课核心语法）
3.2.1 结构公式
过去完成时：had + 过去分词 (done)
肯定：主语 + had + done
否定：主语 + had + not + done
疑问：Had + 主语 + done?
过去完成时被动：had + been + done
3.2.2 本课实例详解
| 实例 | 含义 | 功能 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| had had | 已经经历了 | 先于arrived的动作 | 强调旅行发生在抵达之前 |
| had been confined | 已经被限制 | 被动+先于主句 | 强调被限制的状态持续到抵达时 |
详细解析：
-
had had a long trip（已经经历了一次长途旅行）
原文：He had had a long and uncomfortable trip 译文：他经历了一次漫长而难受的旅行 语法功能： - 飞机抵达悉尼是过去的参照点(arrived) - 旅行发生在抵达之前 → 用过去完成时 - 双重had：第一个had是助动词，第二个had是have的过去分词 主动语态还原： He had a long trip before he arrived. -
had been confined（过去完成时被动语态）
原文：he had been confined to the wooden box 译文：他已经被限制在木箱里 语法功能： - 强调"被限制"这个动作在arrived之前就已经开始 - 且持续到arrived这个时间点 主动语态还原： Someone had confined him to the wooden box.
3.2.3 过去完成时使用场景
| 使用场景 | 说明 | 本课体现 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去的过去 | 动作发生在过去某一时间点之前 | 旅行发生在抵达之前 |
| 持续到过去 | 动作从更早的过去持续到过去某时 | 被限制在箱子里超过10小时 |
| 过去先发生 | 强调两个过去动作的先后顺序 | 先藏入箱子，后被发现 |
3.3 so…that…结果状语从句详解
3.3.1 结构公式
so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句（结果）
"如此...以至于..."
变体：
1. so + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that...
2. so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that...
对比：
- so...that...（如此...以至于...）→ 结果状语从句
- such...that...（如此...以至于...）
such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that...
3.3.2 本课实例
原文：He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.
译文：他被发现后如此惊讶，以至于甚至没有试图逃跑。
结构分析：
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ He was │ so surprised │ at being discovered │
│ 主语 │ so + 表语 │ 介词短语（at + 动名词被动） │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ that he did not even try to run away │
│ that + 结果状语从句 │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
语法要点：
1. so surprised - so修饰形容词surprised
2. at being discovered - at后接动名词被动式
3. that引导结果状语从句
4. did not even try - even加强否定语气
5. try to run away - 试图逃跑
3.3.3 so…that… vs such…that… 对比
| 结构 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so…that… | so + adj./adv. | He was so surprised that… |
| such…that… | such + (a/an) + adj. + n. | It was such a heavy box that… |
3.4 语态分析
| 语态 | 例句 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主动语态 | 9处 | 叙事主要采用主动语态 |
| 被动语态 | 3处 | was arrested, had been confined, was ordered |
被动语态详解：
1. was arrested（一般过去时被动）
After he was arrested = 在他被逮捕之后
施事者未知或不重要
2. had been confined（过去完成时被动）
he had been confined to the wooden box
强调动作发生在arrived之前，且主语是动作承受者
3. was ordered（一般过去时被动）
The man was ordered to pay £345
被动语态 + 不定式 = 被命令做某事
3.5 动名词用法（本课重点）
3.5.1 动名词作主语/宾语
| 用法 | 结构 | 本课例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 作宾语（admit后） | admit + doing | admitted hiding in the box |
| 作介词宾语 | at + doing | surprised at being discovered |
3.5.2 动名词被动式
being + 过去分词 = 动名词被动式
本课例句：
being discovered = 被发现（动名词被动）
用法：
- 介词后需要接名词/动名词
- 如果逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用被动式
- at being discovered = 对被发现这件事
对比：
- discover（发现）→主动
- be discovered（被发现）→被动
- being discovered（被发现这件事）→动名词被动
3.6 重要句型汇总
| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| It occurred to sb. to do sth. | 某人突然想起做某事 | It occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. |
| account for | 解释；占…比例 | No one could account for the fact… |
| be astonished at | 对…感到惊讶 | He was astonished at what he found. |
| on top of | 在…上面 | on top of a pile of woollen goods |
| so…that… | 如此…以至于… | so surprised…that he did not even try… |
| admit doing | 承认做了某事 | admitted hiding in the box |
| be confined to | 被限制在… | had been confined to the wooden box |
| be ordered to do | 被命令做某事 | was ordered to pay £345 |
四、本课语法重点总结
4.1 核心语法点：过去完成时
4.1.1 语法图谱
过去完成时
│
┌───────────────┼───────────────┐
│ │ │
主动形式 被动形式 否定/疑问
│ │ │
had + done had been + done Had...done?
│ │ │
had had had been confined Had he hidden?
had finished had been arrested
4.1.2 本课例句公式化
| 原句 | 结构公式 | 四级写作模板 |
|---|---|---|
| He had had a long trip. | 主语 + had had + 经历 | He had had a difficult childhood. |
| He had been confined to the box. | 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 地点 | He had been trapped in the building for hours. |
4.2 结果状语从句使用总结
4.2.1 本课结构一览
| 结构 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so + adj. + that | so surprised that… | He was so surprised that he did not run away. |
4.2.2 扩展用法
so + adj./adv. + that 从句
例句拓展：
1. so + 形容词
The box was so heavy that no one could lift it.
2. so + 副词
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
3. so + many/few + 复数名词
There were so many boxes that unloading took hours.
4. so + much/little + 不可数名词
He had so little space that he couldn't move.
4.3 难句深度解析
难句1：多重从句嵌套句
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.
【分层拆解】
第一层（主句）：
workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes
工人们开始卸下一批木箱
第二层（时间状语从句）：
When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport
当一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时
第三层（定语从句，修饰boxes）：
which contained clothing
装着服装的（箱子）
【句子特点】
- 共3层嵌套
- 时间状语从句 + 主句 + 定语从句
- 信息量大，叙事完整
【翻译技巧】
按时间顺序翻译：
"当...时，工人们开始卸下...的木箱"
难句2：过去完成时密集句
He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours.
【分层拆解】
分句1（过去完成时主动）：
He had had a long and uncomfortable trip
他已经经历了一次漫长而难受的旅行
分句2（过去完成时被动）：
for he had been confined to the wooden box
因为他已经被限制在木箱里
时间状语：
for over ten hours
超过十个小时
【语法价值】
- 一句包含两个过去完成时结构
- 主动(had had)与被动(had been confined)对比
- for引导原因从句，解释原因
- for + 时间段表示持续时长
【理解关键】
先用过去完成时描述经历，再用for解释原因，
最后用for + 时间段说明持续时长。
4.4 不定式 vs 动名词 对比
| 动词 | 后接形式 | 本课例句 |
|---|---|---|
| begin | to do/doing | began to unload |
| occur | It occurs to sb. to do | It occurred to…to open |
| admit | doing | admitted hiding |
| try | to do | try to run away |
注意要点：
- begin后可接不定式或动名词，意义相近
- admit后必须接动名词，不能接不定式
- try to do = 试图做某事；try doing = 尝试做某事
五、与四级考试的关联
5.1 四级听力考点
| 本课语法 | 四级听力应用 | 真题链接 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去完成时 | 时间先后关系题 | 2023年6月 Section B |
| so…that… | 结果推断题 | 2022年12月 Section C |
| 被动语态 | 动作承受者识别 | 2021年6月 Section A |
听力时间关系题示例：
【四级真题改编】
W: Why was the man so tired when he arrived?
M: He had been confined to a small space for over ten hours.
Q: What happened to the man before he arrived?
【答案】B. He stayed in a small space for a long time.
【解析】had been confined 是过去完成时被动，
表示在arrived之前已经被限制在小空间里
5.2 四级阅读考点
| 本课语法 | 阅读应用 | 考查形式 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去完成时 | 时间顺序理解 | 判断事件先后 |
| 定语从句 | 长难句分析 | 找出修饰关系 |
| 结果状语从句 | 因果关系题 | 判断因果逻辑 |
5.3 四级翻译考点
| 中文表达 | 英文翻译（用本课语法） |
|---|---|
| 他突然想到要打开箱子。 | It suddenly occurred to him to open the box. |
| 他如此惊讶以至于没有逃跑。 | He was so surprised that he didn’t try to run away. |
| 他被命令支付罚款。 | He was ordered to pay a fine. |
| 他已经被限制在那里超过十小时。 | He had been confined there for over ten hours. |
5.4 四级写作应用
写作模板句（可用于记叙文）：
1. 描述突然想到：
It suddenly occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
（我突然想到我忘了带钥匙。）
2. 描述过去经历：
He had had a difficult journey before he reached the destination.
（在到达目的地之前，他已经经历了一次艰难的旅程。）
3. 描述结果：
The box was so heavy that no one could move it.
（这个箱子如此重，以至于没人能移动它。）
4. 描述被动经历：
After he was discovered, he was ordered to leave immediately.
（在被发现后，他被命令立即离开。）
六、学习检测与练习
6.1 语法填空
用适当的时态或形式填空：
- When the plane arrived, the workers __________ (begin) to unload the boxes.
- No one could __________ (account) for the heavy box.
- It suddenly __________ (occur) to him to open the box.
- A man __________ (lie) in the box when he was discovered.
- He was so surprised that he __________ (not try) to run away.
- After he __________ (arrest), he admitted hiding in the box.
- He __________ (have) a long trip before he arrived.
- He __________ (confine) to the box for over ten hours.
答案：
- began
- account
- occurred
- was lying
- did not try
- was arrested
- had had
- had been confined
6.2 句型转换
将下列句子改写成含指定结构的复合句：
-
The box was very heavy. No one could lift it. (用so…that…) → The box __________ __________ __________ no one could lift it.
-
He opened the box. He found a man inside. (用When…分词结构) → When __________ __________ __________, he found a man inside.
-
Someone arrested the man. He admitted hiding. (用After被动语态) → After __________ __________ __________, he admitted hiding.
答案：
- was so heavy that
- opening the box / he opened the box
- he was arrested
6.3 翻译练习
将下列句子翻译成英文，使用本课语法：
- 当警察到达时，小偷已经逃跑了。（过去完成时）
- 这个箱子如此重以至于我们搬不动。（so…that…）
- 他突然想到要检查所有的箱子。（It occurred to…）
- 在被发现后，他被命令解释自己的行为。（被动语态）
参考答案：
- When the police arrived, the thief had already escaped.
- The box was so heavy that we couldn’t move it.
- It suddenly occurred to him to check all the boxes.
- After he was discovered, he was ordered to explain his behavior.
七、考点清单
7.1 本课四级考点清单
- 过去完成时：had + done / had been + done
- 过去进行时：was/were + doing
- 结果状语从句：so…that…
- 时间状语从句：when, after, before
- 定语从句：which引导
- 同位语从句：that说明fact
- 被动语态：一般过去时被动、过去完成时被动
- 动名词：admit doing, at being discovered
- 不定式：begin to do, occur to sb. to do
- 形式主语：It occurred to sb. to do sth.
7.2 前置知识复习
| 前置课程 | 相关知识点 | 本课应用 |
|---|---|---|
| L14 | 过去进行时 | was lying |
| L38 | 过去完成时 | had had, had been confined |
| L28 | 定语从句 | which contained clothing |
| L42 | 被动语态 | was arrested, was ordered |
7.3 后续学习建议
- 关联课程：L55 (虚拟语气), L61 (情态动词完成时), L86 (分词结构)
- 练习建议：完成2018-2024年四级真题中过去完成时相关语法题
- 拓展阅读：查找含过去完成时的四级阅读长难句进行分析
八、附录：本课语法数据卡片
{
"lesson": 46,
"title": "Expensive and uncomfortable",
"title_cn": "既昂贵又受罪",
"core_grammar": "过去完成时 / so...that...结果状语从句 / 被动语态",
"difficulty": "★★★☆",
"duration": "25min",
"cet4_level": "B",
"key_structures": [
"had had (过去完成时)",
"had been confined (过去完成时被动)",
"so...that... (结果状语从句)",
"It occurred to sb. to do (形式主语)",
"admit doing (动名词作宾语)"
],
"clause_types": [
"时间状语从句 x3",
"定语从句 x1",
"同位语从句 x1",
"结果状语从句 x1",
"原因状语从句 x1",
"宾语从句 x1"
],
"vocabulary_focus": [
"unload /ʌnˈləʊd/ v. 卸货",
"contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 包含",
"occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生；想起",
"astonish /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ v. 使惊讶",
"confine /kənˈfaɪn/ v. 限制"
],
"related_lessons": [14, 28, 38, 42, 55, 61, 86]
}文档版本：v1.0
生成日期：2026年4月2日
适用教材：《新概念英语》第二册 Lesson 46
本课涉及的语法术语
- 过去完成时 | 过去完成时的被动语态 | 过去进行时 | 一般过去时
- 结果状语从句 | 时间状语从句 | 原因状语从句 | 定语从句 | 同位语从句 | 宾语从句
- 被动语态 | 动名词 | 动名词的被动式 | 不定式 | 形式主语 | 真正主语
- 主语补足语 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 | 情态动词
- 副词 | 介词短语 | 短语动词
💡 提示：点击术语链接可跳转到详细解释，使用 Obsidian 可查看双向链接关系。