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第54课 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指 深度语法分析

课号:第54课(共96课)
标题:Sticky fingers(粘糊的手指)
核心语法重点:过去完成时、no sooner…than…结构、形容词+enough+to do
难度等级:★★★☆(四级进阶)


课文原文

**Lesson 54: Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指**

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market. It was still early when I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some tarts for tea. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

**参考译文:**

早饭后,我送孩子们上学,然后去了市场。我回家时还很早。孩子们在学校,我丈夫在上班,家里很安静。所以我决定做一些馅饼当下午茶。不一会儿,我就忙着搅拌黄油和面粉,我的手很快就沾满了粘糊糊的糕点。就在那一刻,电话铃响了。没有什么比这更令人恼火了。我用两根粘糊糊的手指拿起听筒,当我认出是贝茨夫人的声音时,我感到沮丧。我花了十分钟说服她稍后再打过来。最后我挂断了电话。真是一团糟!我的手指上、电话上、门把手上都是糕点。我刚回到厨房,门铃就响了,声音大得足以把死人吵醒。这次是邮递员,他要我签收一封挂号信!


一、词法分析 (Morphology)

1.1 重点词汇词类标注

词汇音标词性本课含义词形变化
sticky/ˈstɪki/adj.黏糊糊的;粘手的stickier, stickiest (比较级/最高级)
pastry/ˈpeɪstri/n.油酥面团;糕点pastries (复数)
annoy/əˈnɔɪ/v.使烦恼;使恼火annoyed (过去分词/形容词), annoying (现在分词/形容词)
dismay/dɪsˈmeɪ/v./n.使沮丧;惊慌;沮丧dismayed (过去分词/形容词), dismaying (形容词)
persuade/pəˈsweɪd/v.说服;劝说persuades (三单), persuaded (过去式), persuading (现在分词)
hang up/hæŋ ʌp/phr. v.挂断(电话)hung up (过去式), hung up (过去分词)
mess/mes/n.混乱;脏乱messes (复数)
no sooner…than/nəʊ ˈsuːnə ðæn/conj.一……就……
enough/ɪˈnʌf/adv./adj.足够地;足够的

1.2 词形变化详解

1.2.1 sticky 的形容词变化

sticky → stickier → stickiest(黏的 → 更黏的 → 最黏的)

本课例句:
"my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry"
(我的手很快就沾满了粘糊糊的糕点)

词源分析:
stick (v. 粘) + -y (形容词后缀) = sticky (adj. 粘的)

同类构词:
cloud → cloudy (多云的)
snow → snowy (下雪的)
sand → sandy (沙质的)

变化规则

  • 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节形容词:变y为i加-er/-est
  • sticky 属于规则变化,但发音要注意 /ˈstɪki/ → /ˈstɪkiə/ → /ˈstɪkiɪst/

1.2.2 annoy 的词族扩展

annoy (v.) 使烦恼
    ↓
annoyed (adj.) 感到烦恼的 ← 本课使用
    "I was annoyed when the phone rang"
    
annoying (adj.) 令人烦恼的
    "The noise is very annoying"
    
annoyance (n.) 烦恼;令人烦恼的事
    "To my annoyance, the phone rang"

用法辨析

  • annoyed = 感到烦恼的(主语是人,描述感受)
  • annoying = 令人烦恼的(主语是物,描述性质)

1.2.3 dismay 的双重词性

作为动词

"I was dismayed when I recognized the voice"
(当我认出声音时,我感到沮丧)

结构:be dismayed + when从句
含义:感到沮丧/惊慌

作为名词

"To my dismay, it was Mrs Bates"
(令我沮丧的是,是贝茨夫人)

常用搭配:
- to one's dismay 令某人沮丧的是
- with/in dismay 沮丧地

1.2.4 persuade 的常用结构

本课例句:
"It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later"
(我花了十分钟说服她稍后再打过来)

核心结构:
persuade + sb. + to do sth. 说服某人做某事

扩展结构:
persuade + sb. + into + doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade + sb. + out of + doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade + sb. + that从句 使某人相信……

对比记忆:
 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事(不强调结果)
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事(强调成功)

1.2.5 hang 的不规则变化(易混淆)

含义原形过去式过去分词现在分词
悬挂hanghunghunghanging
绞死;吊死hanghangedhangedhanging
挂断(电话)hang uphung uphung uphanging up
本课使用:
"I hung up the receiver"(我挂断了电话)

相关搭配:
- hang up 挂断电话
- hang on 别挂断;稍等
- hang up on sb. 挂断某人的电话(不礼貌)

记忆口诀

  • 悬挂/挂断用 hung(u像挂钩)
  • 绞死/吊死用 hanged(法律用词,规则变化)

二、句法分析 (Syntax)

2.1 全文句型统计

句型类别数量占比例句编号
简单句425%S4, S9, S11, S14
并列句318.8%S1, S3, S7
复合句(含从句)956.2%S2, S5, S6, S8, S10, S12, S13, S15, S16
总计16100%

2.2 逐句成分分析

S1: 开篇叙事

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market.

句子结构:并列句(and连接两个分句)

分句1:
  After breakfast │ I │ sent │ the children │ to school
  时间状语        │主 │ 谓语 │ 宾语        │ 地点状语

分句2:
  then │ I │ went │ to market
  时间 │主 │ 谓语 │ 地点状语

语法要点:
1. After breakfast - 介词短语作时间状语,表示"在……之后"
2. send sb. to school - 固定搭配,"送某人上学"
3. go to market - 去市场(注意:market前不加冠词,指去市场买东西)
4. then - 时间副词,承接上文的动作顺序

本句涉及语法术语介词短语 | 时间状语 | 并列句


S2: 时间状语从句

It was still early when I returned home.

句子结构:主从复合句(含时间状语从句)

主句:
  It │ was │ still early
  主 │ 系  │ 表语(状语+形容词)

从句(时间状语):
  when │ I │ returned │ home
  连词 │主 │ 谓语    │ 地点状语

语法要点:
1. It 指代时间,作主语
2. still early - still为副词,修饰形容词early,表示"仍然很早"
3. when引导时间状语从句,表示"当……时"
4. return home - 回家(home为副词,前面不加介词to)

【重要结构】
It was + 时间形容词 + when从句
= 当……时,时间还很……

本句涉及语法术语时间状语从句 | 主语 | 表语


S3: 并列描述

The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet.

句子结构:三句并列(逗号和and连接)

分句1:
  The children │ were │ at school
  主语         │ 系   │ 表语(介词短语)

分句2:
  my husband │ was │ at work
  主语       │ 系  │ 表语(介词短语)

分句3:
  the house │ was │ quiet
  主语      │ 系  │ 表语(形容词)

语法要点:
1. 三个分句均为"主系表"结构
2. at school - 在学校(指上学状态)
3. at work - 在工作(指上班状态)
4. 三个并列分句共同营造"安静"的氛围,为下文做铺垫

本句涉及语法术语并列句 | 主系表结构 | 介词短语


S4: 简单句——决定做某事

So I decided to make some tarts for tea.

句子结构:简单句

主干:
  So │ I │ decided │ to make some tarts for tea
  连 │主 │ 谓语    │ 不定式短语(宾语)

不定式短语分析:
  to make │ some tarts │ for tea
  不定式  │ 宾语       │ 目的状语

语法要点:
1. So - 连词,承接上文的原因(因为安静,所以决定做……)
2. decide to do sth. - 决定做某事(decide后接不定式作宾语)
3. make tarts - 做馅饼
4. for tea - 下午茶时吃(tea在英国英语中可指"下午茶")

本句涉及语法术语简单句 | 不定式 | 宾语


S5: 重点句——be busy doing / be covered with

In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.

句子结构:并列复合句

分句1:
  In a short time │ I │ was busy │ mixing butter and flour
  时间状语        │主 │ 系+表语  │ 动名词短语(真正宾语)

分句2:
  my hands │ were soon covered │ with sticky pastry
  主语     │ 谓语(被动)      │ 介词短语(施事/材料)

语法要点:
1. 【本课重点】be busy doing sth. - 忙于做某事
   - busy为形容词,作表语
   - mixing为动名词,busy后省略了in
   
2. 【本课重点】be covered with - 被……覆盖
   - covered为过去分词,构成被动语态
   - with引出覆盖的材料
   - soon为时间副词,表示"很快"

3. butter and flour - 黄油和面粉(做糕点的原料)

本句涉及语法术语并列句 | 动名词 | 被动语态 | 过去分词


S6: 时间状语从句——就在那一刻

At exactly that moment, the telephone rang.

句子结构:简单句

主干:
  At exactly that moment │ the telephone │ rang
  时间状语               │ 主语          │ 谓语

语法要点:
1. At exactly that moment - 就在那一刻
   - exactly强调时间的精确性
   - that指代前文"忙着做糕点时"
   
2. 短促有力的简单句,制造紧张感
   - 前文铺垫的安静被电话铃声打破
   - 为下文的annoyed做铺垫

本句涉及语法术语简单句 | 时间状语


S7: 难点句——否定+比较级=最高级

Nothing could have been more annoying.

句子结构:简单句(含情态动词+完成式)

主干:
  Nothing │ could have been │ more annoying
  主语    │ 谓语(情态+完成)│ 表语(比较级)

语法要点:
1. 【本课核心语法】否定词+比较级 = 最高级含义
   Nothing could have been more annoying
   = It was the most annoying thing (implied)
   (没有什么比这更令人恼火的了 = 这是最令人恼火的事)

2. could have been - 情态动词+完成式
   - 表示对过去情况的推测或评价
   - could表示可能性,语气比can更委婉
   
3. more annoying - annoying的比较级
   - annoying为多音节形容词,比较级加more
   - 本句用比较级形式表达最高级含义

【类似表达】
- I couldn't agree more. (我完全同意)
- Nothing is more important than health. (健康最重要)

本句涉及语法术语情态动词 | 完成式 | 比较级 | 表语


S8: 复杂句——时间状语从句+被动语态

I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates.

句子结构:并列复合句(and连接)+ 时间状语从句

分句1:
  I │ picked up │ the receiver │ between two sticky fingers
  主│ 谓语      │ 宾语         │ 方式状语

分句2主句:
  (I) │ was dismayed
  主  │ 系+表语(过去分词作表语)

从句(时间状语):
  when │ I │ recognized │ the voice of Mrs Bates
  连词 │主 │ 谓语      │ 宾语

语法要点:
1. pick up - 拿起(及物动词短语)
2. between two sticky fingers - 介词短语作方式状语
   - 生动地描绘了当时狼狈的情景
   
3. was dismayed - 系表结构,dismayed为过去分词作表语
   - 表示主语的状态:感到沮丧的
   
4. when引导时间状语从句
   - 表示"当……时"
   - 从句使用一般过去时,主句也用过去时

5. the voice of Mrs Bates - 贝茨夫人的声音(of所有格)

本句涉及语法术语时间状语从句 | 并列句 | 过去分词 | 方式状语


S9: 重点句型——It takes sb. time to do sth.

It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.

句子结构:简单句(It作形式主语)

主干:
  It │ took │ me │ ten minutes │ to persuade her to ring back later
  形主│ 谓  │间宾│ 时间宾语    │ 真正主语(不定式短语)

不定式短语分析:
  to persuade │ her │ to ring back later
  不定式      │宾语 │ 宾语补足语(不定式)

语法要点:
1. 【本课核心语法】It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
   - 花费某人多少时间做某事
   - It为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式短语
   - took为take的过去式

2. persuade sb. to do sth. - 说服某人做某事
   - her为persuade的宾语
   - to ring back later为宾语补足语

3. ring back - 回电话
   ring back later - 稍后再打过来

【句型转换】
原句:It took me ten minutes to persuade her...
= To persuade her... took me ten minutes.
= I spent ten minutes persuading her...

本句涉及语法术语形式主语 | 不定式 | 间接宾语 | 宾语补足语


S10: 简单句——动作描述

At last I hung up the receiver.

句子结构:简单句

主干:
  At last │ I │ hung up │ the receiver
  时间状语│主 │ 谓语    │ 宾语

语法要点:
1. At last - 最后;终于(表示经过等待或努力后)
2. hung up - hang up的过去式,挂断(电话)
   - hang的过去式为hung(表示悬挂/挂断)
   - 注意:表示"绞死"时过去式为hanged
3. the receiver - 听筒;电话接收器

本句涉及语法术语简单句 | 时间状语


S11: 感叹句——What a mess!

What a mess!

句子结构:感叹句(省略形式)

完整形式:
  What │ a mess │ (it is)!
  感叹词│ 表语   │ (主+系)

语法要点:
1. 【本课重点】What引导的感叹句
   结构:What + (a/an) + 名词 + (主语+谓语)!
   
2. mess - 混乱;脏乱(可数名词)
   - What a mess! = 真是一团糟!
   - 省略了主语和谓语it is

3. 表达了作者看到满手、满电话都是糕点时的懊恼心情

【扩展】
What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词!
- What a beautiful day! (多好的天气啊!)
- What an interesting story! (多有趣的故事啊!)

本句涉及语法术语感叹句 | 省略句


S12: There be句型

There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs.

句子结构:There be句型

主干:
  There │ was │ pastry │ on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs
  引导词│ 谓 │ 主语   │ 三个并列的地点状语

语法要点:
1. 【本课重点】There be句型 - 表示"存在有"
   - There为引导词,无实际意义
   - was为谓语动词(单数,因为pastry为不可数名词)
   - pastry为主语(不可数名词)

2. 三个并列的地点状语:
   - on my fingers(在我的手指上)
   - on the telephone(在电话上)
   - on the door-knobs(在门把手上)
   
3. 描述混乱的场面,呼应前文的What a mess!

【注意】
pastry作为"油酥面团"是不可数名词
作为"各种糕点"时可用复数pastries

本句涉及语法术语There be句型 | 地点状语 | 并列结构


S13: 难点句——no sooner…than… + 过去完成时

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.

句子结构:主从复合句(no sooner...than...结构)

主句:
  I │ had no sooner got back │ to the kitchen
  主│ 谓语(过去完成时)     │ 地点状语

从句(时间状语):
  than │ the door-bell │ rang │ loud enough to wake the dead
  连词 │ 主语          │ 谓语 │ 程度状语(形容词+enough+不定式)

语法要点:
1. 【本课核心语法】no sooner...than... 结构
   - 含义:一……就……
   - 强调两个动作几乎同时发生,且前者刚完成后者就发生
   - no sooner放在主句,than引导从句
   
2. 【时态搭配】主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时
   - had got back - 过去完成时(表示"过去的过去")
   - rang - 一般过去时
   
3. 【倒装用法】(本课未使用,但需了解)
   No sooner had I got back than...
   (No sooner置于句首时,主句需部分倒装)

4. loud enough to wake the dead - 程度状语
   - loud为副词,修饰rang
   - enough to do sth. - 足够……去做某事
   - wake the dead - 吵醒死人(夸张修辞)

本句涉及语法术语过去完成时 | 时间状语从句 | 副词 | 不定式


S14: 简单句——身份说明

This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

句子结构:并列复合句(and连接)

分句1:
  This time │ it │ was │ the postman
  时间状语  │主  │ 系  │ 表语

分句2:
  he │ wanted │ me │ to sign for a registered letter
  主 │ 谓语   │宾语│ 宾语补足语(不定式)

语法要点:
1. This time - 这一次(与前文的电话铃声形成对比)

2. it was the postman - it指代"来者"
   英语中不明身份的人可用it指代

3. want sb. to do sth. - 想要某人做某事
   - me为宾语
   - to sign for...为宾语补足语

4. sign for a registered letter - 签收挂号信
   - sign for - 签收(动词短语)
   - registered letter - 挂号信(registered为过去分词作定语)

5. 感叹号表达作者的无奈和惊讶
   - 刚挂断电话,门铃又响
   - 而且是需要签收挂号信这种不能拒绝的事

本句涉及语法术语并列句 | 不定式 | 宾语补足语 | 过去分词


三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)

3.1 时间状语从句——when的用法

3.1.1 课文例句分析

例句1:It was still early when I returned home.

结构:主句(过去时)+ when + 从句(过去时)
含义:当我回家时,时间还很早。
功能:when引导时间状语从句,表示"当……时"

例句2:I picked up the receiver… and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates.

结构:主句动作 + when + 从句动作
含义:当我认出贝茨夫人的声音时,我感到沮丧。
功能:when强调两个动作的同时性

3.1.2 when的用法总结

用法结构例句说明
时间点短暂动词When he came, I left.当一个动作发生时
时间段延续动词When I was young…当某个状态时
突然be doing…when…I was reading when he came.正在做某事,突然……

本课特点: 两个when从句都使用一般过去时,表示过去某个时间点发生的动作。


3.2 be busy doing sth. 结构

3.2.1 课文例句

I was busy mixing butter and flour

结构:be busy + (in) + doing sth.
含义:忙于做某事
注意:in可以省略,直接用动名词

3.2.2 结构分析

成分形式功能
be系动词连接主语和表语
busy形容词表语,表示”忙碌的”
(in) mixing动名词(短语)介词in的宾语,in可省略

3.2.3 拓展用法

类似结构:
- be busy with sth. 忙于某事
  "I am busy with my work."
  
- be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
  "He is busy preparing for the exam."
  
对比:
- busy oneself (in) doing sth. 使自己忙于做某事
  "She busied herself (in) cleaning the room."

3.3 be covered with 结构

3.3.1 课文例句

my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry

结构:be covered with + 名词
含义:被……覆盖
语态:被动语态(cover为及物动词)

3.3.2 结构分析

成分说明
be covered被动语态,表示”被覆盖”
with介词,引出覆盖的材料/东西
sticky pastry覆盖物(粘糊糊的糕点)

3.3.3 对比辨析

be covered with vs. be covered by

be covered with - 强调表面被……覆盖(具体物质)
  "The cake is covered with cream."(蛋糕上覆盖着奶油)
  "His hands were covered with mud."(他的手上满是泥)

be covered by - 强调被……遮盖/覆盖(整体)
  "The field is covered by snow."(田野被雪覆盖)
  "The story was covered by the media."(故事被媒体报导)

3.4 形容词最高级的特殊表达

3.4.1 课文例句

Nothing could have been more annoying.

字面:没有什么可能更令人恼火了
含义:这是最令我恼火的事情(最高级含义)
结构:否定词 + 比较级 = 最高级

3.4.2 语法原理

否定词 + 比较级 = 最高级含义

原理:
- 比较级表示"更……"
- 否定词表示"没有"
- "没有更……" = "最……"

例句:
Nothing is more important.
= Everything is less important (than it).
= It is the most important thing.

3.4.3 常见表达

句式含义例句
Nothing is more…没有什么更……Nothing is more precious than time.
I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意
I can’t be more sorry.我非常抱歉
Never had I seen a better film.我从未看过更好的电影(=这是最好的电影)

3.5 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.

3.5.1 课文例句

It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.

结构:It takes/took + 人 + 时间 + to do sth.
含义:做某事花费某人多少时间
时态:took为过去式

3.5.2 句子成分分析

成分内容说明
形式主语It无实义,占据主语位置
谓语tooktake的过去式
间接宾语me动作的对象(人)
直接宾语ten minutes花费的时间
真正主语to persuade her to ring back later不定式短语

3.5.3 与spend的对比

句型主语结构例句
It takes sb. time to doItIt takes me an hour to finish.强调事情
sb. spends time (in) doingI spend an hour (in) finishing.强调人
sb. spends time on sth.I spend an hour on it.强调事物
同义转换:
It took me ten minutes to persuade her.
= I spent ten minutes persuading her.
= I spent ten minutes in persuading her. (in可省略)

3.6 What 引导的感叹句

3.6.1 课文例句

What a mess!

完整形式:What a mess it is!
省略形式:What a mess!(省略主语和谓语)
含义:真是一团糟!

3.6.2 感叹句结构

What引导的感叹句

What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语+谓语)!
  What a beautiful day (it is)!

What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语+谓语)!
  What beautiful flowers (they are)!

What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
  What fine weather (it is)!

How引导的感叹句

How + 形容词/副词 + (主语+谓语)!
  How beautiful (she is)!
  How fast (he runs)!

3.6.3 本课特点

本课使用省略形式,因为在口语中,当意思明确时,可以省略主语和谓语。


3.7 There be 句型

3.7.1 课文例句

There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs.

结构:There + be + 主语 + 地点状语
含义:在某地有某物
功能:表示存在

3.7.2 句型分析

成分说明
There引导词,无实义
was谓语动词(单数,因为pastry不可数)
pastry主语(不可数名词)
on…地点状语(三个并列)

3.7.3 就近原则

There be句型的主谓一致遵循"就近原则":

There is a book and two pens on the desk.
(离be最近的是a book,所以用is)

There are two pens and a book on the desk.
(离be最近的是two pens,所以用are)

3.8 no sooner…than… 结构

3.8.1 课文例句

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang.

结构:主句(过去完成时)+ no sooner...than... + 从句(一般过去时)
含义:一……就……
强调:两个动作紧挨着发生,几乎没有间隔

3.8.2 时态要求

分句时态例句
主句(no sooner部分)过去完成时I had no sooner arrived…
从句(than部分)一般过去时…than it started to rain.

时态原理

  • “回到厨房”发生在”门铃响”之前
  • “过去的过去”用过去完成时
  • “过去的现在”用一般过去时

3.8.3 倒装结构

正常语序:
I had no sooner got back than the door-bell rang.

倒装语序(强调):
No sooner had I got back than the door-bell rang.

倒装规则:
No sooner置于句首时,主句需要部分倒装(had提前)

3.8.4 与hardly…when…的对比

结构含义例句
no sooner…than…一……就……No sooner had I arrived than it rained.
hardly…when…刚……就……Hardly had I arrived when it rained.
scarcely…when…刚……就……Scarcely had I arrived when it rained.
as soon as一……就……As soon as I arrived, it rained.

注意

  • no sooner与than搭配
  • hardly/scarcely与when搭配
  • as soon as引导的从句可用一般过去时

3.9 形容词/副词 + enough + to do

3.9.1 课文例句

the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead

结构:副词 + enough + to do sth.
含义:足够……去做某事
功能:程度状语,修饰动词rang

3.9.2 结构分析

类型结构例句
形容词+enoughadj. + enough + to doHe is old enough to go to school.
副词+enoughadv. + enough + to doHe ran fast enough to catch the bus.

位置规则

  • enough修饰形容词/副词时,放在被修饰词之后
  • enough修饰名词时,放在名词之前
对比:
形容词/副词 + enough(后置)
  loud enough, old enough, fast enough

enough + 名词(前置)
  enough money, enough time, enough food

3.9.3 本课特殊用法

loud enough to wake the dead
声音大得足以吵醒死人

修辞手法:
- wake the dead是夸张说法(hyperbole)
- 强调门铃声之大
- 增添幽默效果

3.10 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)

3.10.1 课文例句

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen…

结构:had + 过去分词(got back)
含义:过去的过去
功能:表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作

3.10.2 时态用法

用法说明例句
过去的过去一个过去动作之前完成的动作I had finished before he came.
与by连用到过去某时为止By last year, I had learned 1000 words.
no sooner…than主句用过去完成时I had no sooner arrived than…
间接引语直接引语的现在完成时变过去完成时He said he had finished.

3.10.3 时间轴图示

现在 (present)
   │
   │    had got back(过去完成时)
   │         │
   │         ▼
   │    【参考点】door-bell rang(一般过去时)
   │         │
   │         ▼
   └────────────────────► 过去 (past)

"回到厨房"发生在"门铃响"之前,所以用过去完成时

3.10.4 与一般过去时的对比

时态结构使用场景例句
一般过去时did过去发生的动作I arrived at 8.
过去完成时had done过去的过去I had arrived before 8.
对比:
I got back to the kitchen. Then the door-bell rang.
(两个独立动作,都用一般过去时)

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang.
(强调紧密连接,主句用过去完成时)

四、术语链接汇总

核心术语速查

详细分类

词法相关

句法相关

  • 主语:I, it, the children, nothing
  • 谓语:sent, went, was, rang, took
  • 宾语:the children, the receiver
  • 表语:early, quiet, annoying, dismayed
  • 状语:After breakfast, In a short time, At exactly that moment
  • 定语:sticky (pastry), registered (letter)
  • 同位语:Mrs Bates (the voice of…)

句型相关

从句相关

时态语态

非谓语动词


五、课后练习

5.1 词汇练习

  1. 用所给词的适当形式填空:

    • My hands were ______ (cover) with mud.
    • It is ______ (annoy) when someone interrupts me.
    • I was ______ (dismay) to hear the news.
  2. 选择正确的词:

    • I was busy ______ (do / doing) my homework.
    • It took me an hour ______ (finish / to finish) the work.

5.2 句型转换

  1. 将下列句子改为”no sooner…than…”结构:

    • I arrived home. It started to rain.
    • She sat down. The phone rang.
  2. 用”It takes/took sb. time to do sth.”结构改写:

    • I spent two hours finishing the report.
    • She spent a week learning the poem.

5.3 翻译练习

  1. 没有什么比健康更重要。
  2. 我一到家就开始做作业。
  3. 她忙着准备考试。
  4. 我的衣服沾满了灰尘。
  5. 说服他改变主意花了我很长时间。

六、参考答案

6.1 词汇练习

    • covered
    • annoying
    • dismayed
    • doing
    • to finish

6.2 句型转换

    • I had no sooner arrived home than it started to rain.
    • She had no sooner sat down than the phone rang.
    • It took me two hours to finish the report.
    • It took her a week to learn the poem.

6.3 翻译练习

  1. Nothing is more important than health.
  2. I had no sooner got/arrived home than I started to do my homework.
  3. She was busy preparing for the exam.
  4. My clothes were covered with dust.
  5. It took me a long time to persuade him to change his mind.

文档生成时间:2026年4月
适用教材:新概念英语第二册(New Concept English 2)