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第79课 By air 乘飞机 — 词汇精讲
课文原文
I **used to** travel by **air** a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An **airhostess** would take **charge** of me and I never had an unpleasant **experience**. I am used to travelling by air and only on one **occasion** have I ever felt **frightened**. After **taking off**, we were **flying** low over the city and slowly **gaining** height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to **land**, an air-hostess told us to keep **calm** and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had **touched down**. Everybody on **board** was worried and we were **curious** to find out what had happened. Later we **learnt** that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a **bomb** had been **planted** on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was **searched** thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to **take off** again.
**参考译文**:
我小时候经常乘飞机旅行。我的父母过去住在南美洲,我过去常在假期从欧洲飞往那里。空姐会照顾我,我从未有过不愉快的经历。我习惯于乘飞机旅行,只有一次我感到害怕。起飞后,我们在城市上空低飞并慢慢爬升,这时飞机突然掉头飞回机场。在我们等待降落时,空姐告诉我们要保持冷静,飞机一着陆就悄悄下飞机。机上每个人都很担心,我们好奇地想查明发生了什么。后来我们得知机上有一位非常重要的人物。警方被告知飞机上被放置了一枚炸弹。我们着陆后,飞机被彻底搜查。幸运的是,什么也没找到,五小时后我们又起飞了。
一、核心词汇精讲(15个)
1. used to /juːst tə/
项目 内容 词性 modal verb phrase 难度等级 核心语法词汇 本课义 过去常常(现在已不再) 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级超高频考点
用法对比
结构 含义 例句 used to do 过去常常(现在不再) I used to travel by air. be used to doing 习惯于 I am used to travelling by air. be used to do 被用来做 The knife is used to cut bread.
真题例句
I used to believe that success was the only thing that mattered.
(我过去认为成功是唯一重要的事。)
易混淆点
⚠️ used to 后面接动词原形
⚠️ be used to 后面接动名词(to是介词)
2. by air /baɪ eə/
项目 内容 词性 prepositional phrase 难度等级 基础短语 本课义 乘飞机 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 交通方式常用表达
常见搭配
搭配 含义 by air 乘飞机 by plane 乘飞机(同义) travel by air 乘飞机旅行 send by air 空运
相关表达
方式 英文 乘火车 by train 乘汽车 by car / by bus 乘船 by sea / by ship 乘地铁 by subway / underground
3. airhostess /ˈeəhəʊstəs/
项目 内容 词性 noun 难度等级 K2 本课义 空姐,空中小姐 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐ 航空主题词汇
构词分析
air (空中) + hostess (女主人) = airhostess (空中小姐)
对应词汇
性别 英文 女 airhostess / flight attendant 男 airhost / steward / flight attendant 通用 flight attendant(现常用)
4. take charge of /teɪk tʃɑːdʒ əv/
项目 内容 词性 phrasal verb 难度等级 K2 本课义 负责,照顾 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心短语
常见搭配
搭配 含义 take charge of 负责,接管 be in charge of 负责(状态) be under the charge of 由…负责
例句对比
主动负责:She took charge of the project.
状态负责:She is in charge of the project.
被动接受:The children were under her charge.
5. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/
项目 内容 词性 noun / verb 难度等级 K1(基础词汇) 本课义 经历,经验 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级超高频词
一词多义
含义 例句 经历(可数) an unpleasant experience 经验(不可数) work experience 经历,体验(动词) experience difficulties
注意
作”经历”讲时可数:many experiences
作”经验”讲时不可数:much experience
6. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/
项目 内容 词性 noun 难度等级 K2 本课义 场合,时机 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词
常见搭配
搭配 含义 on one occasion 有一次 on this occasion 在这种场合 on special occasions 在特殊场合 rise to the occasion 应付自如
本课用法
"only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened"
(只有一次我感到害怕)
→ only on one occasion 位于句首,引起部分倒装
7. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/
项目 内容 词性 adjective 难度等级 K1 本课义 感到害怕的 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类形容词
同根词
形式 词性 含义 fright n. 惊吓,恐怖 frighten v. 使惊吓 frightening adj. 令人害怕的 frightened adj. 感到害怕的
-ed vs -ing 区别
frightening:令人害怕的(修饰事物)
→ The storm was frightening.
frightened:感到害怕的(修饰人)
→ I felt frightened.
8. take off /teɪk ɒf/
项目 内容 词性 phrasal verb 难度等级 K1 本课义 (飞机)起飞 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 多义短语动词
一词多义
含义 例句 起飞 The plane took off on time. 脱下(衣服) Take off your coat.突然成功 Her career really took off . 休假 I’m taking next week off .
对应词汇
动作 英文 起飞 take off 降落 land / touch down
9. gain /ɡeɪn/
项目 内容 词性 verb / noun 难度等级 K2 本课义 获得,增加 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词
本课用法
"slowly gaining height"
(慢慢爬升/增加高度)
常见搭配
搭配 含义 gain height 爬升(航空用语) gain weight 增重 gain experience 获得经验 gain access to 获得…的机会
10. land /lænd/
项目 内容 词性 verb / noun 难度等级 K1 本课义 着陆,降落 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 多义词
一词多义
含义 例句 着陆(动词) The plane landed safely. 土地(名词) fertile land 陆地(名词) by land
相关词汇
词汇 含义 landing n. 着陆 touch down 着陆(同义,更正式)
11. calm /kɑːm/
项目 内容 词性 adjective / noun / verb 难度等级 K1 本课义 平静的,冷静的 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类词汇
常见搭配
搭配 含义 keep calm 保持冷静 stay calm 保持冷静 calm down 平静下来
近义词辨析
词汇 侧重 calm 内心平静,不慌乱 quiet 安静,不吵闹 still 静止不动 peaceful 和平的,宁静的
12. touch down /tʌtʃ daʊn/
项目 内容 词性 phrasal verb 难度等级 K2 本课义 (飞机)着陆 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐ 航空专用语
用法说明
"as soon as it had touched down"
(飞机一着陆)
注意:touch down 强调"触地"的瞬间
land 是更通用的"降落"
时态说明
本句用过去完成时 had touched down
因为”着陆”发生在”被告知下飞机”之前
13. on board /ɒn bɔːd/
项目 内容 词性 prepositional phrase 难度等级 K2 本课义 在(飞机/船/车)上 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 常用短语
用法说明
"Everybody on board was worried"
(机上每个人都很担心)
on board 可作:
1. 状语:Welcome on board!
2. 定语:passengers on board(机上的乘客)
14. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/
项目 内容 词性 adjective 难度等级 K2 本课义 好奇的 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类形容词
常见搭配
搭配 含义 be curious about 对…好奇 be curious to do 好奇地想做…
本课用法
"we were curious to find out what had happened"
(我们好奇地想查明发生了什么)
派生词
形式 词性 含义 curiosity n. 好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地
15. plant /plɑːnt/
项目 内容 词性 verb / noun 难度等级 K1 本课义 放置,安置(炸弹等) 考频/重要性 ⭐⭐⭐ 多义词
一词多义
含义 例句 种植 Plant the trees in spring.放置(炸弹等) A bomb was planted on the plane. 植物(名词) a flowering plant 工厂(名词) a power plant
本课用法
"a bomb had been planted on the plane"
(一枚炸弹被放置在飞机上)
→ 用被动语态,表示"被放置"
二、搭配与语块
2.1 高频搭配
搭配 类型 含义 课文中例句 used to 情态短语 过去常常 I used to travel by air by air 介词短语 乘飞机 travel by air take charge of 短语动词 负责 take charge of metake off 短语动词 起飞 After taking off gain height 动词短语 爬升 gaining height turn round 短语动词 掉头 suddenly turned round touch down 短语动词 着陆 it had touched down on board 介词短语 在飞机上 Everybody on board keep calm 动词短语 保持冷静 keep calm take off (again)短语动词 (再次)起飞 take off again
2.2 近义替换
表达 同义表达 本课例句 by air by plane travel by air land touch down waiting to land / it had touched down frightened scared felt frightened calm quiet keep calm
三、词汇教学建议
3.1 重点区分
used to / would / be used to
结构 含义 例句 used to do 过去常常 I used to travel by air. would do 过去会 An airhostess would take charge of me. be used to doing 习惯于 I am used to travelling by air.
take off 的不同含义
含义 例句 起飞 The plane took off . 脱下 Take off your shoes.突然成功 Business took off .
3.2 构词法学习
fright → frighten → frightened / frightening
calm → calmly (副词)
curious → curiosity (名词)
四、词汇检测练习
4.1 选词填空
用所给词的适当形式填空:
I _______ (use) to get up early, but now I prefer to sleep in.
Please _______ (calm) down and tell me what happened.
The plane _______ (take) off on time yesterday.
Everyone on _______ (board) was nervous during the turbulence.
I was _______ (curious) to know the answer.
4.2 翻译练习
我小时候常常乘火车旅行。
我习惯于早起。
飞机安全着陆了。
请保持冷静。
我只有一次感到害怕。
五、本课涉及的语法术语
文档信息
课号 : Lesson 79
标题 : By air
核心词汇 : 15个
难度评级 : ★★★☆☆ (中等)
建议学习时长 : 40-50分钟