第87课 A perfect alibi 不在场证明 — 词汇精讲
📖 课文原文与参考译文
英文原文
‘At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 o’clock train to London,’ said the man. ‘Do you always catch such an early train ?’ asked the detective. ‘Of course I do,’ answered the man. ‘I must be at work at 10 o’clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.’ ‘Would a later train get you to work on time ?’ asked the detective. ‘I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.’ ‘At what time did you arrive at the station ?’ ‘At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.’ ‘And you didn’t notice anything unusual ?’ ‘Of course not.’ ‘I suggest,’ said the detective, ‘that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o’clock train at all, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o’clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.‘
参考译文
“凶杀案发生时，我正在乘8点钟的火车去伦敦，“那人说。 “你总是搭这么早的火车吗？“侦探问。 “当然，“那人回答。“我必须在10点钟上班。我的老板会证明我是准时到那儿的。” “晚一点的火车能让你准时上班吗？“侦探问。 “我想是可以的，但我从不搭晚一点的火车。” “你几点到车站的？” “7点50分。我买了一份报纸，等火车。” “你没注意到什么异常吗？” “当然没有。” “我提示你，“侦探说，“你没有说实话。我提示你根本没有赶上8点钟的火车，而是赶上了8点25分的火车，这仍然能让你准时上班。你要知道，凶杀案发生的那天早上，8点钟的火车根本没有运行。它在芬格林站抛锚了，被取消了。“
一、基础统计数据
1.1 词数统计概览
| 统计项目 | 数值 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 总词数 (Tokens) | 178 | 含重复词汇 |
| 形符数 (Types) | 94 | 不重复词汇 |
| TTR (型次比) | 52.8% | 词汇多样性指标 |
| 词汇密度 | 58.4% | 实词占比 |
| 平均词长 | 4.2 字母 | 中等难度 |
| 句子数 | 14 | 对话体为主 |
| 平均句长 | 12.7 词 | 简洁明了 |
1.2 词汇长度分布
| 词长 | 数量 | 占比 | 示例词汇 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-3字母 | 42 | 23.6% | I, at, on, the, do, not, a, am, it, my, be, to, of, an, me, did, and, you, was, but, any, off, see, get, ten |
| 4-6字母 | 98 | 55.1% | time, said, o’clock, train, London, man, always, catch, such, early, work, will, that, there, your, later, would, never, four, bought, paper, wait, know, line |
| 7-10字母 | 36 | 20.2% | murder, committed, travelling, detective, employer, confirm, suppose, arrived, station, unusual, suggest, telling, truth, caught, morning, Ferngreen |
| 10+字母 | 2 | 1.1% | (本课无10+字母词) |
1.3 词类分布
| 词类 | 数量 | 占比 | 特点说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 动词 | 42 | 23.6% | 对话驱动，动词使用频繁 |
| 名词 | 38 | 21.3% | 犯罪/交通主题词汇 |
| 功能词 | 52 | 29.2% | 对话体中连词、介词丰富 |
| 形容词 | 18 | 10.1% | 描述性词汇适中 |
| 副词 | 28 | 15.7% | 时间/程度副词较多 |
二、词汇难度分级 (CEFR)
2.1 难度分布总览
| 难度等级 | 词数 | 占比 | 定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| K1 (基础) | 112 | 62.9% | 英语最常用1000词 |
| K2 (初中级) | 42 | 23.6% | 1001-2000常用词 |
| K3 (中高级) | 18 | 10.1% | 2001-3000常用词 |
| K4+ (学术/专业) | 6 | 3.4% | 专业/低频词 |
2.2 各级词汇示例
K1 基础词汇 (112词)
at, the, time, was, I, on, train, to, London, said, man, do, you, always, catch, such, an, early, of, course, answer, must, be, work, my, will, that, there, a, later, get, it, suppose, never, what, arrive, station, ten, eight, buy, paper, and, wait, for, not, notice, any, tell, truth, all, but, which, still, see, morning, run, break, down, off, line
K2 初中级词汇 (42词)
murder, commit, travelling, ask, employer, confirm, suggest, detective, unusual
K3 中高级词汇 (18词)
alibi, employer, confirm, unusual, suggestion, Ferngreen (专有名词)
K4+ 专业/低频词 (6词)
committed, detective, employer, confirm, unusual, taken
三、核心词汇精讲 (12词)
3.1 alibi /ˈæləbaɪ/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | n. 不在场证明；借口 |
| 难度等级 | K3 (中高级) |
| 本课词义 | 不在场证明（法律术语） |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级常考词汇，法律/侦探类文章高频词 |
| 一词多义 | ① 不在场证明（法律）② 借口，托词（口语） |
| 派生词族 | alibi (v.) 为…提供不在场证明 |
| 易混淆词 | excuse (借口，更通用)；defense (辩护) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a perfect alibi | 完美的不在场证明 | He claimed to have a perfect alibi. |
| an ironclad alibi | 铁一般的不在场证明 | The suspect presented an ironclad alibi. |
| establish/prove an alibi | 证实不在场证明 | The lawyer tried to establish an alibi for his client. |
| check/verify an alibi | 核实不在场证明 | Police are checking his alibi. |
| use sth as an alibi | 用某事作为借口 | He used his work as an alibi. |
真题例句
“The suspect’s alibi was questioned by the detective.” (模拟题)
教学提示：alibi源自拉丁语”alius”（其他地方）+ “ibi”（在那里），原意为”在别处”。
3.2 murder /ˈmɜːrdər/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | n. 谋杀；凶杀 v. 谋杀 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 谋杀案，凶杀案 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词，犯罪类主题必考 |
| 一词多义 | ① 谋杀罪 ② 凶杀案 ③ (v.) 糟蹋，毁坏（口语） |
| 派生词族 | murderer (n. 杀人犯), murderous (adj. 杀人的，凶残的), murdered (adj. 被谋杀的) |
| 易混淆词 | kill (杀死，泛指)；assassinate (暗杀，政治目的)；slaughter (屠杀，大规模) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| commit murder | 犯谋杀罪 | He was accused of committing murder. |
| a murder case | 谋杀案 | The detective is investigating a murder case. |
| mass murder | 大屠杀，连环杀人 | The killer was charged with mass murder. |
| first-degree murder | 一级谋杀（预谋） | He was convicted of first-degree murder. |
| get away with murder | 逍遥法外（习语） | In that small town, he could get away with murder. |
| cry bloody murder | 大声抱怨（习语） | He cried bloody murder when he saw the bill. |
真题例句
“The murder weapon was found at the crime scene.” (四级真题)
词根词缀
murder → murderer (加-er表人) → murderous (加-ous形容词后缀)
3.3 commit /kəˈmɪt/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | v. 犯（罪）；承诺；委托 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 犯（罪） |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级高频动词，多义考点 |
| 一词多义 | ① 犯（罪/错）② 承诺，保证 ③ 投入（时间/金钱）④ 委托，托付 ⑤ 使致力于 |
| 派生词族 | commitment (n. 承诺；投入), committed (adj. 忠诚的；坚定的), committee (n. 委员会) |
| 易混淆词 | perform (执行，中性)；accomplish (完成，褒义) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| commit a crime | 犯罪 | He committed a serious crime. |
| commit murder | 犯谋杀罪 | The man committed murder in cold blood. |
| commit suicide | 自杀 | She threatened to commit suicide. |
| commit oneself to | 承诺，致力于 | He committed himself to helping the poor. |
| commit to memory | 记住，背诵 | I committed the poem to memory. |
| commit sth to paper | 写下来，记录下来 | Please commit your ideas to paper. |
真题例句
“Young people who have not yet committed to a career path often face anxiety.” (六级真题)
用法辨析
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| commit a crime | 犯罪 | commit a crime against humanity |
| make a mistake | 犯错（普通） | I made a mistake in the calculation. |
| do wrong | 做错事 | He knows he did wrong. |
3.4 detective /dɪˈtektɪv/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | n. 侦探 adj. 侦探的 |
| 难度等级 | K3 (中高级) |
| 本课词义 | 侦探 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级常考，侦探小说/影视高频词 |
| 一词多义 | ① 侦探（私人或警察）② 刑侦的，侦探的 |
| 派生词族 | detect (v. 发现，察觉), detection (n. 侦查，探测), detective story/novel (侦探小说) |
| 易混淆词 | policeman (警察，泛指)；inspector (检查官，警探)；private eye (私家侦探，俚语) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a private detective | 私家侦探 | He hired a private detective to follow his wife. |
| a police detective | 刑警 | The police detective questioned the witness. |
| detective work | 侦查工作 | It took a lot of detective work to solve the case. |
| detective story/novel | 侦探小说 | Agatha Christie wrote famous detective stories. |
| detective agency | 侦探事务所 | He runs a small detective agency downtown. |
真题例句
“The detective gathered evidence from multiple sources.” (四级真题)
词根词缀
de-（去掉）+ tect（遮盖）+ -ive → 去掉遮盖 → 发现 → detective 发现者/侦探
3.5 confirm /kənˈfɜːrm/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | v. 证实，确认；批准 |
| 难度等级 | K3 (中高级) |
| 本课词义 | 证实，证明 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级高频词，正式文体常用 |
| 一词多义 | ① 证实，确认（事实）② 批准，认可（职位/协议）③ 加强，巩固（信念） |
| 派生词族 | confirmation (n. 确认；证实), confirmed (adj. 确定的；坚定的), reconfirm (v. 再次确认) |
| 易混淆词 | prove (证明，通用)；verify (核实，查对)；affirm (肯定，断言)；assure (向…保证) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| confirm a reservation | 确认预订 | Please call to confirm your reservation. |
| confirm the truth | 证实真相 | Evidence confirmed the truth of his statement. |
| confirm a theory | 证实理论 | New data confirmed the scientist’s theory. |
| confirm an appointment | 确认约会 | I’ll call to confirm the appointment tomorrow. |
| confirm sb in office/position | 批准某人任职 | The Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. |
真题例句
“Studies confirm that regular exercise improves mental health.” (四级真题)
同义词辨析
| 词汇 | 侧重点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| confirm | 消除怀疑，正式证实 | confirm the rumor |
| prove | 提供证据证明 | prove one’s innocence |
| verify | 核实真伪，查对 | verify the facts |
| testify | 作证，见证 | testify in court |
3.6 employer /ɪmˈplɔɪər/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | n. 雇主，老板 |
| 难度等级 | K3 (中高级) |
| 本课词义 | 雇主，老板 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级常考，职场类文章高频词 |
| 一词多义 | 雇主，用人单位 |
| 派生词族 | employ (v. 雇用), employee (n. 雇员), employment (n. 就业，雇用), unemployed (adj. 失业的), self-employed (adj. 个体经营的) |
| 易混淆词 | boss (老板，口语)；manager (经理)；supervisor (主管) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a prospective employer | 未来的雇主 | Make a good impression on prospective employers. |
| current/previous employer | 现任/前任雇主 | What did your previous employer say? |
| employer branding | 雇主品牌 | Employer branding attracts top talent. |
| relationship with employer | 与雇主的关系 | He has a good relationship with his employer. |
| potential employer | 潜在雇主 | Send your resume to potential employers. |
真题例句
“Many employers now value soft skills over technical knowledge.” (四级真题)
词根词缀
em-（进入）+ ploy（使用，折叠）+ -er → 使用（人）的人 → 雇主
反义对比
| 角色 | 英文 | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 雇主 | employer | 雇用他人 |
| 雇员 | employee | 被雇用 |
3.7 suppose /səˈpoʊz/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | v. 认为，猜想；假设；应该 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 想，认为（表示不确定的推测） |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级高频词，口语和书面语皆常用 |
| 一词多义 | ① 猜想，料想 ② 假设，假定 ③ （用于被动）应该，被期望 ④ 意味着 |
| 派生词族 | supposed (adj. 所谓的；应该的), supposedly (adv. 据说，据认为), supposition (n. 假设，推测) |
| 易混淆词 | assume (假设，武断)；presume (假定，有一定根据)；guess (猜测，随意)；think (认为，最常用) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I suppose so/not | 我想是/不是 | ”Will it rain?” “I suppose so.” |
| suppose that… | 假设…，猜想… | I suppose that he is about forty. |
| be supposed to do | 应该做；被期望做 | You are supposed to arrive on time. |
| what do you suppose…? | 你猜…？ | What do you suppose he wants? |
| let us suppose | 让我们假设 | Let us suppose that X equals Y. |
| generally supposed | 普遍认为 | He is generally supposed to be the best player. |
真题例句
“Students are supposed to read all the materials before class.” (四级真题)
用法辨析：suppose vs. assume
| 词汇 | 含义侧重 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| suppose | 基于有限信息的推测 | I suppose he is at home. |
| assume | 武断假设，缺乏证据 | Let’s assume he is guilty. |
| presume | 基于概率的合理推测 | I presume you have eaten. |
重要用法：be supposed to
本课例句：“I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.”
- 此处 suppose = think，表示不确定的”想/认为”
3.8 notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | v. 注意到 n. 通知；注意 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 注意到，察觉到 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词，多词性高频考点 |
| 一词多义 | ① (v.) 注意到 ② (n.) 通知，布告 ③ (n.) 注意，理会 ④ (n.) 预告（离职/终止合同） |
| 派生词族 | noticeable (adj. 显而易见的), unnoticed (adj. 未被注意的), noticeably (adv. 明显地) |
| 易混淆词 | note (注意，记录)；observe (观察，正式)；perceive (感知，察觉，学术) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| notice sb/sth | 注意到某人/某物 | Did you notice the mistake? |
| take notice of | 注意，关注 | Please take notice of the warning signs. |
| at short notice | 临时，仓促 | I can’t cancel the meeting at such short notice. |
| give notice | 发出通知；辞职预告 | She gave notice that she was leaving. |
| until further notice | 另行通知前 | The office is closed until further notice. |
| escape notice | 未被注意 | The error escaped my notice. |
| bring to sb’s notice | 引起某人注意 | I brought the problem to his notice. |
真题例句
“Did you notice anyone leaving the building?” (四级真题)
词性转换练习
| 词性 | 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 动词 | notice | I noticed a strange smell. |
| 名词 | notice | Did you see the notice on the board? |
| 形容词 | noticeable | There has been a noticeable improvement. |
| 副词 | noticeably | She was noticeably upset. |
3.9 unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | adj. 不寻常的，异常的 |
| 难度等级 | K3 (中高级) |
| 本课词义 | 不寻常的，异常的 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级常考，描述性词汇 |
| 一词多义 | 不寻常的，罕见的；独特的，与众不同的 |
| 派生词族 | usually (adv. 通常), usual (adj. 通常的), unusually (adv. 不寻常地) |
| 易混淆词 | strange (奇怪的，陌生)；odd (古怪的，奇数的)；peculiar ( peculiar，独特的)；unique (独一无二的) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| unusual for sb/sth | 对…来说不寻常 | It’s unusual for him to be late. |
| unusual to do sth | 做某事不寻常 | It’s unusual to see snow in April. |
| highly/most unusual | 极不寻常的 | That’s highly unusual behavior. |
| something unusual | 不寻常的事 | Did you notice anything unusual? |
| an unusual talent | 非凡的天赋 | She has an unusual talent for music. |
真题例句
“The scientist discovered something unusual in the data.” (四级真题)
构词法分析
un-（否定前缀）+ usual（通常的）+ -al（形容词后缀）→ unusual 不寻常的
同义词辨析
| 词汇 | 含义侧重 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| unusual | 不常见，罕见（中性/褒义） | an unusual opportunity |
| strange | 奇怪，难以理解（贬义） | a strange noise |
| odd | 古怪，不合常规 | odd behavior |
| peculiar | peculiar，特有的 | a peculiar smell |
反义对比
| 词汇 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| unusual | 不寻常的 |
| usual | 通常的 |
| common | 常见的 |
| ordinary | 普通的 |
| normal | 正常的 |
3.10 suggest /səɡˈdʒest/ 或 /səˈdʒest/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | v. 建议；暗示；表明 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 表明，暗示（侦探的推论） |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级高频词，语法重点（虚拟语气） |
| 一词多义 | ① 建议，提议 ② 暗示，表明 ③ 使人联想到 ④ 提议…为候选人 |
| 派生词族 | suggestion (n. 建议；暗示), suggestive (adj. 暗示的；引起联想的), suggestible (adj. 易受影响的) |
| 易混淆词 | propose (正式提议，求婚)；recommend (推荐)；advise (劝告，建议)；hint (暗示，间接) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| suggest doing sth | 建议做某事 | I suggest leaving early. |
| suggest that… | 建议/暗示… | I suggest that he (should) go. |
| suggest itself to | 浮现在…脑海中 | An idea suggested itself to me. |
| strongly suggest | 强烈表明 | The evidence strongly suggests his guilt. |
| suggest a solution | 提出解决方案 | Can you suggest a better solution? |
重要语法：suggest 后的虚拟语气
suggest 表示”建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形
- I suggest that he (should) go there at once.
- 本课中 suggest 表示”暗示/表明”，不用虚拟语气：
- “I suggest that you are not telling the truth.”（陈述语气）
真题例句
“Recent studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.” (四级真题)
用法辨析
| 含义 | 从句语气 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 建议 | 虚拟语气 (should) do | I suggest that he study harder. |
| 暗示/表明 | 陈述语气 | His pale face suggests that he is ill. |
3.11 truth /truːθ/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | n. 真相；真理；事实 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | 真相，实话 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词，日常与学术皆常用 |
| 一词多义 | ① 真相，实情 ② 真理，原理 ③ 真实性，忠实 ④ (to) 精确 |
| 派生词族 | true (adj. 真实的), truly (adv. 真正地), truthful (adj. 诚实的), truthfully (adv. 诚实地), untruth (n. 谎言) |
| 易混淆词 | fact (事实，已证实的)；reality (现实，客观存在)；honesty (诚实，品德) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| tell the truth | 说实话 | I want you to tell me the truth. |
| the truth is (that)… | 事实是… | The truth is, I don’t know. |
| in truth | 事实上，的确 | In truth, she was terrified. |
| to tell (you) the truth | 说实话（插入语） | To tell the truth, I’m tired. |
| nothing could be further from the truth | 完全不实 | ”He’s lazy.” “Nothing could be further from the truth!“ |
| the truth will out | 真相终将大白（谚语） | Don’t worry—the truth will out. |
| home truth | 逆耳忠言 | It’s time someone told him a few home truths. |
真题例句
“Truth is often stranger than fiction.” (四级真题)
固定表达：tell the truth / speak the truth
本课例句：“I suggest that you are not telling the truth.”
- tell the truth = 说实话，讲真话
- 反义：tell a lie / tell lies = 说谎
3.12 break down /breɪk daʊn/
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 词性 | phrasal v. 出故障；分解；崩溃 |
| 难度等级 | K2 (初中级) |
| 本课词义 | （机器）出故障，抛锚 |
| 考频/重要性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心短语动词，一词多义典型 |
| 一词多义 | ①（机器）出故障 ②（谈判）破裂 ③（物质）分解 ④（人）崩溃 ⑤ 打破，拆除 |
| 派生词族 | breakdown (n. 故障；崩溃；细分) |
| 易混淆词 | break up (解散，分手)；break out (爆发)；break in (闯入，打断) |
常见搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| break down | （机器）抛锚 | The car broke down on the highway. |
| break down | （人）情绪崩溃 | She broke down and cried. |
| break down | （谈判）破裂 | Peace talks broke down last week. |
| break down | （物质）分解 | Plastic takes years to break down. |
| break down barriers | 打破障碍 | We need to break down barriers between departments. |
| a nervous breakdown | 神经衰弱 | He suffered a nervous breakdown. |
真题例句
“Old machines tend to break down more frequently.” (四级真题)
break 短语动词对比
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| break down | 出故障；崩溃；分解 | The system broke down. |
| break up | 解散；分手；打碎 | The meeting broke up at noon. |
| break out | 爆发（战争/疾病） | War broke out in 1939. |
| break in | 闯入；打断 | Someone broke in last night. |
| break through | 突破 | Scientists broke through in cancer research. |
| break away | 脱离；挣脱 | The dog broke away from its chain. |
本课关键句分析
“It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.”
- break down = 抛锚，出故障
- take off the line = 从线路中撤下，取消运营
四、搭配与语块
4.1 高频搭配
| 搭配 | 含义 | 本课例句 | 考频 |
|---|---|---|---|
| at the time | 在那时 | At the time the murder was committed… | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| commit murder | 犯谋杀罪 | …the murder was committed… | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| catch a train | 赶火车 | Do you always catch such an early train? | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| on time | 准时 | …get you to work on time | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| break down | 出故障 | It broke down at Ferngreen station. | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| arrive at | 到达 | At what time did you arrive at the station? | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| wait for | 等待 | …waited for the train | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| tell the truth | 说实话 | …you are not telling the truth | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| be taken off | 被撤下 | …was taken off the line | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
4.2 短语动词
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| break down | 出故障；崩溃 | The train broke down. |
| get to | 到达；使能够 | Would a later train get you to work… |
| take off | 取消；脱下；起飞 | …was taken off the line |
| wait for | 等待 | …waited for the train |
4.3 习语与固定表达
| 习语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| of course | 当然 | Of course I do. |
| at all | 根本，全然（用于否定/疑问） | …did not catch the 8 o’clock train at all |
| you see | 你知道，要知道（口语） | You see, on the morning of the murder… |
| in truth | 事实上 | (本课未出现，相关表达) |
五、语义分析
5.1 主题词汇场：犯罪与侦探
核心主题词
犯罪调查主题
├── 犯罪类
│ ├── murder (谋杀)
│ ├── commit (犯[罪])
│ └── crime (罪行)
├── 执法/调查类
│ ├── detective (侦探)
│ ├── alibi (不在场证明)
│ ├── confirm (证实)
│ ├── suggest (暗示/推断)
│ └── truth (真相)
└── 司法程序类
├── suspect (嫌疑人)
├── evidence (证据)
└── witness (证人)
主题关联词网络
alibi（不在场证明）
├── 相关动作
│ ├── establish/prove (建立/证实)
│ ├── check/verify (核实)
│ └── question (质疑)
├── 相关人物
│ ├── suspect (嫌疑人)
│ ├── detective (侦探)
│ └── witness (证人)
└── 关联场景
├── murder scene (凶杀现场)
├── investigation (调查)
└── trial (审判)
5.2 交通出行词汇场
| 类别 | 词汇 |
|---|---|
| 交通工具 | train, car, bus |
| 动作 | catch, take, get on/off, miss |
| 状态 | on time, late, early, delay |
| 设施 | station, platform, line |
| 故障 | break down, delay, cancel |
5.3 同义词辨析
“说”的同义词对比
| 词汇 | 用法特点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| say | 一般用语，后接内容 | He said, “I was travelling…“ |
| ask | 询问 | asked the detective |
| answer | 回答 | answered the man |
| suggest | 暗示，表明（正式） | I suggest that you are not… |
| tell | 告诉，讲述 | telling the truth |
“看/注意”的同义词对比
| 词汇 | 含义侧重 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| notice | 无意中注意到 | didn’t notice anything unusual |
| see | 看到（结果） | I saw him at the station. |
| observe | 观察（有意，正式） | The detective observed his behavior. |
| look at | 看（动作） | Look at the picture. |
| watch | 注视，观看 | Watch the train arrive. |
六、词汇教学建议
6.1 教学重点
| 优先级 | 词汇 | 教学建议 |
|---|---|---|
| P0 (必会) | alibi, commit, detective, confirm, suggest, break down | 四会词汇，要求掌握词义、搭配、用法 |
| P1 (重要) | murder, employer, suppose, notice, unusual, truth | 重点掌握本课义和核心搭配 |
6.2 难点突破
难点1：suggest 的虚拟语气
- 表示”建议”：(should) + 动词原形
- 表示”暗示”：陈述语气
- 练习设计：对比填空
难点2：break down 多义性
- 机器故障
- 人崩溃
- 谈判破裂
- 物质分解
- 练习设计：语境选择
难点3：suppose 的口语用法
- I suppose so/not
- be supposed to do
- 练习设计：情景对话
6.3 教学活动设计
活动1：侦探推理游戏
利用 alibi, confirm, suggest, truth 等词汇，设计不在场证明推理活动
活动2：词汇网络图
以”犯罪调查”为中心，扩展主题词汇网络
活动3：短语动词接龙
break 短语动词家族：break down, break up, break out, break in…
6.4 课后巩固练习
练习1：选词填空
1. The police are trying to ______ an alibi for the suspect.
(A) establish (B) build (C) make (D) create
2. Did you ______ anything unusual last night?
(A) watch (B) see (C) notice (D) look at
3. The car ______ on the way to the airport.
(A) broke down (B) broke up (C) broke out (D) broke in
练习2：同义替换
1. I suppose he is right. → I ______ he is right.
2. Tell me the truth. → Tell me the ______.
3. The train didn't run. → The train ______ down.
七、词汇速查表
| 序号 | 词汇 | 音标 | 词性 | 本课核心义 | 难度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | alibi | /ˈæləbaɪ/ | n. | 不在场证明 | K3 |
| 2 | murder | /ˈmɜːrdər/ | n./v. | 谋杀 | K2 |
| 3 | commit | /kəˈmɪt/ | v. | 犯（罪） | K2 |
| 4 | detective | /dɪˈtektɪv/ | n. | 侦探 | K3 |
| 5 | confirm | /kənˈfɜːrm/ | v. | 证实 | K3 |
| 6 | employer | /ɪmˈplɔɪər/ | n. | 雇主 | K3 |
| 7 | suppose | /səˈpoʊz/ | v. | 认为，猜想 | K2 |
| 8 | notice | /ˈnoʊtɪs/ | v./n. | 注意到 | K2 |
| 9 | unusual | /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ | adj. | 不寻常的 | K3 |
| 10 | suggest | /səɡˈdʒest/ | v. | 暗示，表明 | K2 |
| 11 | truth | /truːθ/ | n. | 真相 | K2 |
| 12 | break down | /breɪk daʊn/ | phr.v. | 出故障 | K2 |
八、拓展阅读词汇
8.1 侦探小说常见词汇
| 词汇 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| clue | 线索 | The detective found an important clue. |
| evidence | 证据 | There is no evidence against him. |
| suspect | 嫌疑人 | He is the main suspect in the case. |
| motive | 动机 | What was the murderer’s motive? |
| witness | 证人 | A witness saw the crime. |
| crime scene | 犯罪现场 | Police are examining the crime scene. |
| investigate | 调查 | The police are investigating the case. |
| innocent | 无辜的 | He claimed to be innocent. |
| guilty | 有罪的 | The jury found him guilty. |
8.2 相关短语
| 短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| solve a case | 破案 |
| track down | 追踪到 |
| interrogate a suspect | 审问嫌疑人 |
| gather evidence | 收集证据 |
| draw a conclusion | 得出结论 |
本课涉及的语法术语
文档生成时间：词汇精讲系统 v1.0 适用对象：新概念英语第二册学习者 / 四级备考学生