第二册 L93 A noble gift 语法深度精讲
课号：第93课（共96课）
标题：A noble gift（崇高的礼物）
语法重点：被动语态的系统运用 + 过去完成时 + 定语从句嵌套
核心逻辑功能：叙事逻辑 - 客观事实陈述 + 时间顺序推进
课文原文
Lesson 93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物
One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.
一、词法分析 (Morphology)
1.1 核心词汇词类标注
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 语法功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| monument | n. (C) | 纪念碑，纪念物 | 主语中心词 |
| Statue | n. (C) | 雕像，塑像 | 同位语核心词 |
| Liberty | n. (U) | 自由 | 专有名词组成部分 |
| present | v. | 赠送，呈现 | 谓语动词（被动） |
| sculptor | n. (C) | 雕塑家 | 施事者标记 |
| design | v. | 设计 | 谓语动词（被动） |
| copper | n. (U) | 铜 | 材质宾语 |
| framework | n. (C) | 框架，骨架 | 支持结构主语 |
| construct | v. | 建造，构造 | 谓语动词（过去完成被动） |
| transport | v. | 运输，运送 | 谓语动词（被动不定式） |
| pedestal | n. (C) | 底座，基座 | 建筑构件宾语 |
| erect | v. | 竖立，建立 | 谓语动词（过去完成被动） |
| symbol | n. (C) | 象征，标志 | 表语中心词 |
1.2 词形变化要点
1.2.1 动词的不规则变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | presented | presented | presenting | 赠送 |
| design | designed | designed | designing | 设计 |
| take | took | taken | taking | 花费(时间) |
| make | made | made | making | 制造 |
| support | supported | supported | supporting | 支撑 |
| construct | constructed | constructed | constructing | 建造 |
| find | found | found | finding | 找到 |
| build | built | built | building | 建造 |
| choose | chose | chosen | choosing | 选择 |
| send | sent | sent | sending | 运送 |
| put | put | put | putting | 放置 |
| pass | passed | passed | passing | 经过 |
1.2.2 名词复数与不可数
可数名词（有复数形式）：
- monument → monuments
- statue → statues
- people → people（集体名词，单复数同形）
- year → years
- site → sites
- piece → pieces
不可数名词（无复数形式）：
- copper（铜，物质名词）
- liberty（自由，抽象名词）
- world（世界，独一无二概念）
- metal（金属，物质名词总称）
1.2.3 形容词与副词派生
| 形容词 | 副词形式 | 名词形式 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| actual | actually | actuality | 实际的 |
| especial | especially | - | 特别的 |
| official | officially | official/office | 官方的 |
| famous | famously | fame | 著名的 |
| great | greatly | greatness | 伟大的 |
二、句法分析 (Syntax)
2.1 全文句型统计
| 句子类型 | 数量 | 占比 | 例句位置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 2 | 18% | 句6, 句9 |
| 并列句 | 2 | 18% | 句4, 句10 |
| 复合句（主从） | 7 | 64% | 句1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11 |
| 合计 | 11 | 100% | - |
2.2 逐句成分分析
句1：同位语 + 被动语态开篇
One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] One of the most famous monuments in the world
├── 核心词: One（代词，指代monument）
├── 修饰语: of the most famous monuments（介词短语，表范围）
│ └── famous（形容词最高级）
└── 后置定语: in the world（介词短语，限定范围）
[同位语] , the Statue of Liberty,
├── 作用: 对主语进行具体说明
└── 结构: the + 普通名词 → 专有名词化
[谓语] was presented
├── 时态: 一般过去时
├── 语态: 被动语态（was + 过去分词）
└── 语义: 被赠送
[状语1] to the United States of America（地点/对象状语，介词短语）
[状语2] in the nineteenth century（时间状语，介词短语）
[状语3] by the people of France（施事者状语，by+动作执行者）
句型特点：
- 倒装避免：为了避免头重脚轻，使用”One of…”结构置于句首
- 被动语态：强调受事者（自由女神像）而非施事者
- 多重修饰：形容词最高级 + 介词短语层层限定
句2：非限制性定语从句
The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] The great statue
└── 修饰语: great（形容词，表强调）
[非限制性定语从句] , which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi,
├── 先行词: The great statue
├── 关系代词: which（指代物，作主语）
├── 谓语: was designed（一般过去时被动）
└── 施事者: by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi
└── 同位语: Auguste Bartholdi（ sculptor 的具体名字）
[谓语] took
└── 用法: take + 时间 + to do（花费时间做某事）
[宾语] ten years
[状语] to complete（不定式作结果/目的状语）
句型特点：
- 插入式定从：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，补充说明雕像的设计者
- take句型：“took ten years to complete” = 花费了十年时间完成
- 同位语嵌套：sculptor Auguste Bartholdi（职业+姓名）
句3：过去分词短语 + 定语从句嵌套
The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] The actual figure
└── 修饰语: actual（形容词，"实际的"，强调非模型）
[谓语] was made of copper
├── 时态语态: 一般过去时被动
└── 材质表达: be made of（由...制成，看得出原材料）
[后置定语1] supported by a metal framework
├── 形式: 过去分词短语
├── 逻辑: figure被framework支撑
└── 作用: 相当于定语从句 which was supported by...
[定语从句] which had been especially constructed by Eiffel
├── 先行词: a metal framework
├── 关系代词: which（作主语）
├── 谓语: had been constructed
│ ├── 时态: 过去完成时（发生在was made之前）
│ ├── 语态: 被动语态
│ └── 副词修饰: especially（"特别地"，强调）
└── 施事者: by Eiffel
句型特点：
- 时态呼应：过去完成时（had been constructed）早于一般过去时（was made）
- 被动链：was made → supported → had been constructed，三层被动嵌套
- 过去分词简化：supported by… 替代 which was supported by…，使句子更紧凑
句4：并列句 + 情态动词被动
Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语从句] Before it could be transported to the United States
├── 连词: Before（在...之前）
├── 主语: it（指代the statue）
└── 谓语: could be transported
├── 情态动词: could（能够）
├── 语态: 被动语态（be transported）
└── 地点: to the United States
[主句 - 并列结构]
├── 分句A: a site had to be found for it
│ ├── 主语: a site（地点）
│ ├── 谓语: had to be found
│ │ ├── 情态: had to（必须，不得不）
│ │ └── 语态: 被动语态
│ └── 状语: for it（目的）
│
└── 分句B: a pedestal had to be built
├── 主语: a pedestal（底座）
└── 谓语: had to be built（had to + 被动）
句型特点：
- 情态被动：could be transported, had to be found, had to be built
- 并列省略：第二个had to前省略了相同的主语结构
- 逻辑顺序：运输之前必须先完成找地点和建底座
句5：过去分词作定语
The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] The site chosen
├── 核心词: The site
└── 后置定语: chosen（过去分词，= which was chosen）
└── 语义: "被选定的地点"
[系动词] was
[表语] an island at the entrance of New York Harbour
├── 核心词: an island
└── 后置定语: at the entrance of New York Harbour
└── 结构: at the entrance of（在...入口处）
句型特点：
- 过去分词定语：chosen直接后置修饰site，简洁高效
- 地点表达：at the entrance of… 精确描述地理位置
- 专有名词：New York Harbour（纽约港，不加冠词）
句6：By + 过去完成时
By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in Paris.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语] By 1884
└── 语法点: by + 时间点 → 与过去完成时连用
[主语] a statue which was 151 feet tall
├── 核心词: a statue
└── 定语从句: which was 151 feet tall
├── 关系代词: which（指statue）
├── 系动词: was
└── 表语: 151 feet tall（数量+单位+形容词）
[谓语] had been erected
├── 时态: 过去完成时（by 1884之前完成）
└── 语态: 被动语态
[地点状语] in Paris
句型特点：
- By + 过去完成时：by表示”到…为止”，要求用完成时态
- 定语从句限定：which was 151 feet tall限定statue的具体规格
- 高度表达：数字 + feet + tall（注意tall不可省略）
句7：并列谓语 + 被动语态
The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语] The following year（第二年）
[主语] it（指代statue）
[并列谓语]
├── 谓语A: was taken to pieces
│ ├── 语态: 被动语态
│ └── 短语: take to pieces（拆解，拆卸）
│
└── 谓语B: (was) sent to America
├── 省略: 省略了was（并列结构省略）
├── 语态: 被动语态
└── 短语: send to（送往）
句型特点：
- 并列省略：and后省略was，避免重复
- 短语动词: take to pieces = disassemble（拆解）
- the following year = the next year（第二年）
句8：By + 过去完成时（双重复合）
By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语] By the end of October 1886
└── 结构: by the end of + 时间点 → 过去完成时标志
[主句 - 并列结构]
├── 分句A: the statue had been put together again
│ ├── 主语: the statue
│ ├── 谓语: had been put together
│ │ ├── 时态: 过去完成时
│ │ ├── 语态: 被动语态
│ │ └── 短语: put together（组装）
│ └── 状语: again（再次）
│
└── 分句B: it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi
├── 主语: it
├── 谓语: was presented
│ ├── 时态: 一般过去时
│ ├── 语态: 被动语态
│ └── 状语: officially（官方地，副词）
├── 间接宾语: to the American people
└── 施事者: by Bartholdi
句型特点：
- 时态对比：had been put together（过去完成）vs was presented（一般过去）
- 组装完成 → 然后才正式揭幕
- 副词位置：officially置于was和presented之间
- 间接宾语：present sth to sb = present sb with sth
句9：简单句（Ever since then）
Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语] Ever since then
└── 语法点: ever since + 时间点 → 现在完成时标志
[主语] the great monument
[系表结构] has been a symbol of liberty
├── 时态: 现在完成时（从过去持续到现在的状态）
├── 系动词: has been
└── 表语: a symbol of liberty（自由的象征）
[状语] for the millions of people（对象状语）
└── 修饰: who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America
├── 关系代词: who（指people，作主语）
├── 谓语: have passed through
│ ├── 时态: 现在完成时
│ └── 短语: pass through（经过）
├── 地点: New York Harbour
└── 目的状语: to make their homes in America
└── 短语: make one's home（定居）
句型特点：
- 现在完成时：ever since then + has been（从过去持续到现在的状态）
- 定语从句嵌套：who引导的从句修饰people
- 不定式表目的：to make their homes（为了在美国安家）
2.3 从句类型统计
| 从句类型 | 数量 | 例句 | 标记词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 非限制性定语从句 | 2 | 句2, 句3后半 | which |
| 限制性定语从句 | 3 | 句3前半, 句6, 句9 | which, who |
| 时间状语从句 | 1 | 句4 | Before |
| 过去分词短语 | 2 | 句3, 句5 | supported, chosen |
| 不定式短语 | 3 | 句2, 句4, 句9 | to complete, to be transported, to make |
2.4 句子结构图谱
第93课句子结构层级图
第一层：背景介绍
├── 句1: 被动语态开篇（赠送事实）
│ └── 同位语: the Statue of Liberty
├── 句2: 设计者信息（非限制性定从）
│ └── take + time + to do 句型
└── 句3: 材质与结构（双重被动嵌套）
├── was made of（材质）
├── supported by（过去分词）
└── which had been constructed（定从+过去完成被动）
第二层：建造过程
├── 句4: 运输准备（情态被动并列）
│ ├── could be transported
│ └── had to be found / had to be built
├── 句5: 选址确定（过去分词作定语）
│ └── The site chosen
├── 句6: 巴黎竖立（by+过去完成时）
│ └── by 1884 + had been erected
└── 句7: 拆解运输（并列被动）
└── was taken... and (was) sent...
第三层：落成与意义
├── 句8: 组装与揭幕（时态对比）
│ ├── had been put together（先完成）
│ └── was officially presented（后发生）
└── 句9: 历史意义（现在完成时）
├── Ever since then + has been
└── who have passed through（定从）
三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)
3.1 时态系统全景分析
3.1.1 时态分布统计
| 时态类型 | 出现次数 | 例句 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般过去时 | 5 | was presented, was designed, took, was made, was chosen | 叙述过去事实 |
| 过去完成时 | 4 | had been constructed, had been erected, had been put together | 表示”过去的过去” |
| 现在完成时 | 2 | has been, have passed | 从过去持续到现在的状态/动作 |
| 情态动词+被动 | 3 | could be transported, had to be found, had to be built | 必要性与可能性 |
3.1.2 时态时间轴
时间轴示意（以1884年为参照点）
过去 ←──────────────────────────────────────→ 现在
[19世纪] [1884年前] [1884] [1886] [至今]
│ │ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
was presented had been had been was has been
was designed constructed erected presented a symbol
took...
was made
3.1.3 过去完成时的使用场景
本课过去完成时共出现4次，均表示”过去的过去”：
| 例句 | 参照时间点 | 动作发生时间 | 逻辑关系 |
|---|---|---|---|
| had been constructed | was made (制造) | 框架先建造 | 先建框架，后造雕像 |
| had been erected | by 1884 | 1884年前已竖立 | 在1884年前完成 |
| had been put together | was presented (揭幕) | 先组装 | 先组装，后揭幕 |
规则总结：
过去完成时 = had + 过去分词
使用条件：
1. 句中有明确的过去时间参照点
2. 动作发生在该参照点之前
3. 常与by/before + 过去时间连用
3.2 语态系统深度分析
3.2.1 被动语态统计（本课重点）
本课共出现 14处被动语态，占全文谓语动词的 82%！
| 序号 | 被动结构 | 时态 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | was presented | 一般过去时 | 陈述赠送事实 |
| 2 | was designed | 一般过去时 | 说明设计者 |
| 3 | was made | 一般过去时 | 说明材质 |
| 4 | had been constructed | 过去完成时 | 框架先建 |
| 5 | could be transported | 情态+被动 | 运输可能性 |
| 6 | had to be found | 情态+被动 | 必须找地点 |
| 7 | had to be built | 情态+被动 | 必须建底座 |
| 8 | was chosen | 一般过去时 | 地点被选定 |
| 9 | had been erected | 过去完成时 | 竖立完成 |
| 10 | was taken | 一般过去时 | 被拆解 |
| 11 | (was) sent | 一般过去时 | 被运送 |
| 12 | had been put together | 过去完成时 | 被组装 |
| 13 | was presented | 一般过去时 | 正式赠送 |
| 14 | has been | 现在完成时 | 成为象征 |
3.2.2 被动语态密集使用的原因
为什么本课大量使用被动语态？
1. 强调受事者（自由女神像）
- 文章主题是雕像本身，而非建造者
- 被动语态将雕像置于主语位置，突出主题
2. 客观陈述历史事实
- 被动语态比主动语态更客观、更正式
- 适合说明文和历史叙述
3. 施事者未知或不重要
- "a site had to be found"——谁找的不重要
- "a pedestal had to be built"——谁建的不重要
4. 施事者已在前文提及
- by the people of France（第一句已说明）
- by Eiffel（知名人物，特指）
- by Bartholdi（知名人物，特指）
3.2.3 被动语态的语法结构
基本结构: be + 过去分词 (by + 施事者)
各种时态的被动形式:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ 时态 │ 被动结构 │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│ 一般现在时 │ am/is/are + done │
│ 一般过去时 │ was/were + done │ ← 本课最多 │
│ 一般将来时 │ will be + done │
│ 现在进行时 │ am/is/are being + done │
│ 过去进行时 │ was/were being + done │
│ 现在完成时 │ have/has been + done │ ← 本课有 │
│ 过去完成时 │ had been + done │ ← 本课重点 │
│ 情态动词 │ can/must/should be + done │ ← 本课有 │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
3.3 语气与情态动词
3.3.1 情态动词被动语态
本课出现3处情态动词被动：
| 情态动词 | 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| could | could be transported | 能够被运输 | Before it could be transported… |
| had to | had to be found | 必须被找到 | a site had to be found… |
| had to | had to be built | 必须被建造 | a pedestal had to be built… |
语法公式：
情态动词 + be + 过去分词
能力: can/could be done（能够被做）
必要: must/have to be done（必须被做）
应当: should be done（应当被做）
可能: may/might be done（可能被做）
3.4 时间状语的语法功能
3.4.1 时间状语汇总
| 时间状语 | 语法结构 | 时态配合 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in the nineteenth century | in + 世纪 | 一般过去时 | 大时间背景 |
| Before it could be transported | Before + 从句 | 情态动词 | 时间先后 |
| By 1884 | By + 时间点 | 过去完成时 | 截止完成 |
| The following year | the following + 时间 | 一般过去时 | 顺序承接 |
| By the end of October 1886 | By the end of | 过去完成时 | 截止完成 |
| Ever since then | Ever since + 时间点 | 现在完成时 | 从过去持续至今 |
3.4.2 “By”的时间含义
By + 时间 = "到...为止"（截止点）
配合时态规则:
1. By + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
By 1884, ... had been erected.
2. By + 将来时间 → 将来完成时
By next year, the building will have been completed.
3. By now/so far → 现在完成时
By now, the work has been finished.
四、本课语法重点总结
4.1 核心语法点
4.1.1 语法点一：被动语态的系统运用 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
本课是被动语态的经典范例课文，涵盖：
- 一般过去时被动
- 过去完成时被动
- 情态动词被动
- 多重被动嵌套
重点例句解析：
The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework
which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.
被动链分析:
1. was made of（第一层被动：雕像被制造）
2. supported by（第二层被动：雕像被支撑）
3. had been constructed（第三层被动：框架被建造）
时间顺序: 3 → 1 → 2
（先建框架 → 再造雕像 → 框架支撑雕像）
4.1.2 语法点二：过去完成时的时间逻辑 ⭐⭐⭐⭐
标志词：by + 过去时间
| 错误 | 正确 |
|---|---|
| By 1884, the statue had been erected. | |
| Before 1886, it had been put together. |
规则：by + 过去时间 = 过去完成时
4.1.3 语法点三：定语从句的嵌套 ⭐⭐⭐⭐
限制性 vs 非限制性：
| 类型 | 标志 | 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 非限制性 | 逗号+which | 补充说明 | The statue, which was designed by…, took… |
| 限制性 | 无逗号 | 限定修饰 | a statue which was 151 feet tall |
4.1.4 语法点四：同位语结构 ⭐⭐⭐
One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was...
同位语功能:
1. 对主语进行具体化说明
2. 用逗号与主句隔开
3. 去掉后句子仍然完整
4.2 难句解析
难句1：三重被动嵌套
The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.
层次分析：
主句: The actual figure was made of copper
│
└── 后置定语: supported by a metal framework
│
└── 定语从句: which had been especially constructed by Eiffel
翻译策略（逆序法）:
→ 由埃菲尔专门建造的金属框架
→ 支撑着（雕像）
→ 实际塑像由铜制成
完整译文:
塑像的实际形体由铜制成，由埃菲尔专门建造的金属框架支撑。
难句2：情态被动并列
Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.
逻辑分析：
时间关系: Before A, B and C
A = it could be transported（运输）
B = a site had to be found（找地点）
C = a pedestal had to be built（建底座）
逻辑顺序: B → C → A
（先找地点 → 再建底座 → 最后运输）
翻译:
在 statue 能够被运往美国之前，必须先为它找到地点，并且建造底座。
4.3 语法图谱
第93课语法知识图谱
┌─ 一般过去时被动（was/were done）
│ ├─ was presented
│ ├─ was designed
│ ├─ was made
│ └─ was chosen
│
被动语态 ───────┼─ 过去完成时被动（had been done）
（14处） │ ├─ had been constructed
│ ├─ had been erected
│ └─ had been put together
│
└─ 情态动词被动（modal + be done）
├─ could be transported
├─ had to be found
└─ had to be built
┌─ by + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
时间状语 ───────┼─ before + 从句 → 主句用完成时
└─ ever since + 时间点 → 现在完成时
┌─ 非限制性定语从句（, which...）
定语从句 ───────┤
└─ 限制性定语从句（which/who...）
特殊结构 ───────┬─ 同位语：主语, 同位语, 谓语...
├─ 过去分词作定语：the site chosen
└─ take + 时间 + to do
五、与四级考试的关联
5.1 四级考点对应
| 本课语法点 | 四级题型 | 考查频率 | 真题示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 被动语态 | 翻译、写作 | ★★★★★ | “这本书已被翻译成多种语言” |
| 过去完成时 | 完形填空 | ★★★★☆ | By the time I arrived, the train had left. |
| 定语从句 | 仔细阅读 | ★★★★★ | which/that/who 关系词选择 |
| 情态动词被动 | 词汇语法 | ★★★☆☆ | The book must be returned tomorrow. |
| by + 时间 | 完形填空 | ★★★★☆ | By next month, I will have graduated. |
5.2 四级真题链接
被动语态翻译（四级汉译英常考）
真题风格例句：
例1: 自由女神像是在19世纪由法国人民赠送给美国的。
The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States
in the nineteenth century by the people of France.
例2: 这座雕像由铜制成，由金属框架支撑。
The statue was made of copper supported by a metal framework.
例3: 到1884年为止，雕像已在巴黎竖立。
By 1884, the statue had been erected in Paris.
时态选择题（四级语法题）
练习：
1. By the end of last year, the bridge ______.
A. has been built B. had been built
C. was built D. would be built
答案: B（by + 过去时间 = 过去完成时）
2. Before the car could be repaired, the mechanic ______.
A. had to be found B. must find
C. had to find D. should be found
答案: A（情态动词被动，had to be done）
5.3 四级写作应用
说明文写作模板（本课句型迁移）：
【介绍建筑物/纪念物的句型】
开篇介绍:
One of the most famous [名词] in [地点], [名称], was built in [时间] by [建造者].
例: One of the most famous buildings in China, the Great Wall, was built
in ancient times by the ancient Chinese people.
描述建造过程:
The great [名词], which was designed by [设计者], took [时间] to complete.
例: The great bridge, which was designed by a famous engineer, took five years
to complete.
描述材质:
The actual [名词] was made of [材料] supported by [结构].
例: The actual tower was made of steel supported by a concrete foundation.
时间推进:
By [时间], [项目] had been [完成状态].
例: By 2020, the project had been completed and put into use.
总结意义:
Ever since then, [名词] has been a symbol of [意义] for [人群].
例: Ever since then, the monument has been a symbol of peace for the local people.
六、学习检测
6.1 语法填空
用所给词的适当形式填空：
-
The Statue of Liberty ______ (present) to the United States in the 19th century.
-
The statue, which ______ (design) by Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete.
-
The metal framework ______ (construct) by Eiffel before the statue was made.
-
Before the statue could ______ (transport), a site had to be found.
-
By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, ______ (erect) in Paris.
-
The following year, it ______ (take) to pieces and sent to America.
-
By the end of October 1886, the statue ______ (put) together again.
-
Ever since then, the monument ______ (be) a symbol of liberty.
点击查看答案
- was presented
- was designed
- had been constructed
- be transported
- had been erected
- was taken
- had been put
- has been
6.2 句型转换
将下列主动句改为被动句：
-
The people of France presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States. → ________________________________________________
-
Auguste Bartholdi designed the great statue. → ________________________________________________
-
Eiffel constructed the metal framework especially. → ________________________________________________
-
Workers erected a statue which was 151 feet tall in Paris by 1884. → ________________________________________________
点击查看答案
- The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France.
- The great statue was designed by Auguste Bartholdi.
- The metal framework was especially constructed by Eiffel.
- A statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris by 1884.
6.3 翻译练习
将下列句子翻译成英文：
- 这座雕像由法国人民在19世纪赠送给美国。
- 在雕像能够被运往美国之前，必须先找到地点并建造底座。
- 到1884年为止，这座151英尺高的雕像已在巴黎竖立。
- 从那以后，这座伟大的纪念碑一直是自由的象征。
点击查看答案
-
The statue was presented to the United States by the people of France in the nineteenth century.
-
Before the statue could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found and a pedestal had to be built.
-
By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris.
-
Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty.
七、考点清单
| 考点 | 内容 | 难度 | 掌握程度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 被动语态 | was/were + done; had been + done; modal + be done | ★★★★☆ | ☐ |
| 过去完成时 | by + 过去时间; before + 从句 | ★★★★☆ | ☐ |
| 现在完成时 | ever since + 时间点; has/have + done | ★★★☆☆ | ☐ |
| 定语从句 | which/who 引导的限制性与非限制性定从 | ★★★★☆ | ☐ |
| 同位语 | 主语, 同位语, 谓语结构 | ★★★☆☆ | ☐ |
| 过去分词作定语 | the site chosen = the site which was chosen | ★★★☆☆ | ☐ |
| take句型 | take + 时间 + to do | ★★☆☆☆ | ☐ |
| 时间状语 | by 1884; by the end of; the following year | ★★★☆☆ | ☐ |
八、JSON元数据
{
"lesson": {
"book": "New Concept English 2",
"number": 93,
"title": "A noble gift",
"title_zh": "崇高的礼物"
},
"grammar": {
"primary_focus": ["Passive Voice", "Past Perfect Tense"],
"secondary_focus": ["Relative Clauses", "Apposition", "Modal Verbs"],
"passive_voice_count": 14,
"tenses_used": ["Simple Past", "Past Perfect", "Present Perfect"]
},
"logic_function": {
"type": "Narrative Logic - Objective Statement",
"features": ["Time Sequence", "Passive Narration", "Historical Facts"]
},
"difficulty": {
"overall": "Intermediate-Advanced",
"grammar_complexity": 4.5,
"vocabulary_level": 3.5
},
"cet4_connection": {
"translation": "Passive Voice + Historical Description",
"cloze": "By + Past Time → Past Perfect",
"writing": "Describing Buildings/Monuments"
}
}本讲义根据《新概念英语第二册》第93课文进行深度语法分析，重点聚焦被动语态系统、过去完成时逻辑以及定语从句嵌套结构。
本课涉及的语法术语
提示：点击术语链接可跳转到详细解释，使用 Obsidian 可查看双向链接关系。