第二册 L31 Success story 成功者的故事 - 语法深度精讲

课号：第31课（共96课）
标题：Success story（成功者的故事）
语法重点：used to 过去习惯表达 + 过去进行时 + when 引导的时间状语从句
核心逻辑功能：叙事逻辑 - 今昔对比 + 幽默反转

课文原文

**Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事**

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their son’s bicycle!

**参考译文**：昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。弗兰克现在是一家非常大的商业公司的负责人，但小时候他曾在一家小铺里工作。他的工作是修理自行车，那时他每天工作十四小时。他积蓄多年，于1938年买下了属于自己的一家小车间。战争期间，弗兰克常给飞机生产零配件。那时他有两个帮手。到战争结束时，这个小车间已经变成了一家雇用728人的大工厂。弗兰克回忆起早年的艰难岁月和成功之路时，露出了微笑。门开了，他妻子走了进来，他还在笑。她要他修他们儿子的自行车！

一、词法分析 (Morphology)

1.1 核心词汇词类标注

词汇	词性	词义	语法功能
experience	n. (C/U)	经历/经验	介词宾语
head	n. (C)	负责人，首脑	表语核心词
company	n. (C)	公司	介词宾语
repair	v.	修理	不定式谓语
bicycle	n. (C)	自行车	宾语
save	v.	积蓄，节省	谓语动词
spare	adj.	备用的，多余的	定语
part	n. (C)	零件	宾语
helper	n. (C)	帮手，助手	宾语
employ	v.	雇用	定语从句谓语
success	n. (U)	成功	介词宾语

1.2 词形变化要点

1.2.1 动词的不规则变化

原形	过去式	过去分词	现在分词	词义
tell	told	told	telling	讲述
save	saved	saved	saving	积蓄
buy	bought	bought	buying	购买
become	became	become	becoming	变成
smile	smiled	smiled	smiling	微笑
remember	remembered	remembered	remembering	回忆
open	opened	opened	opening	打开
come	came	come	coming	来
want	wanted	wanted	wanting	想要

1.2.2 派生词分析

词根	派生词	词性	词义	构词方式
help	helper	n.	帮手	动词 + -er
employ	employed	adj./v.	被雇用的/雇用	动词 + -ed
success	successful	adj.	成功的	名词 + -ful
experience	experienced	adj.	有经验的	名词 + -ed
work	workshop	n.	车间	work + shop

1.3 复合词识别

复合词	构成	词性	含义	例句
work-shop	work + shop	n.	车间，工场	a small work-shop of his own
spare parts	spare + parts	n.	零配件	make spare parts for aeroplanes
air-plane	air + plane	n.	飞机	make spare parts for aeroplanes
business company	business + company	n.	商业公司	a very large business company

二、句法分析 (Syntax)

2.1 全文句型统计

句子类型	数量	占比	例句位置
简单句	6	46%	句3前半, 句4, 句5, 句6, 句9
并列句	3	23%	句2, 句3后半, 句7
复合句	4	31%	句1, 句8, 句10
合计	13	100%	-

2.2 逐句成分分析

句1：过去进行时开篇

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.

句子成分拆解：

[时间状语] Yesterday afternoon
    └── 功能：点明叙述的具体时间点

[主语] Frank Hawkins
    └── 专有名词，故事主人公

[谓语] was telling
    ├── 时态: 过去进行时
    ├── 形式: was + 现在分词 (telling)
    └── 功能: 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

[间接宾语] me
    └── 讲述的对象

[直接宾语] about his experiences as a young man
    ├── 核心: about his experiences (介词短语)
    ├── experiences: 经历（可数名词复数）
    └── 后置定语: as a young man (介词短语，限定经历的时间)

句型特点：

过去进行时：was telling 强调”昨天下午那个时刻正在讲述”，营造叙事氛围
介词短语叠用：about… + as… 层层限定
叙事视角：以”我”作为听众，增强故事真实感

句2：今昔对比（并列句）

Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.

句子成分拆解：

[分句A] Frank is now the head of a very large business company
    ├── [主语]: Frank
    ├── [系动词]: is (一般现在时)
    ├── [时间状语]: now
    ├── [表语]: the head of a very large business company
    │   ├── 核心词: head (负责人)
    │   └── 后置定语: of a very large business company
    │       └── very large 强调公司规模

[并列连词] but (转折)

[分句B] as a boy he used to work in a small shop
    ├── [时间状语]: as a boy (小时候)
    ├── [主语]: he
    ├── [谓语]: used to work
    │   ├── 结构: used to + 动词原形
    │   ├── 功能: 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态
    │   └── 含义: "过去常常工作"
    └── [地点状语]: in a small shop

句型特点：

今昔对比结构：now vs as a boy，large vs small，company vs shop
used to 核心语法：表示”过去常常”（现已不再如此）
转折连词 but：强调前后对比的戏剧性

句3：强调句 + 过去习惯

It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.

句子成分拆解：

[分句A] It was his job to repair bicycles
    ├── [主语] It: 形式主语
    ├── [系动词] was
    ├── [表语] his job: 他的工作
    └── [真正主语] to repair bicycles: 不定式短语
        └── 功能: 不定式作主语，后置，用it作形式主语

[并列连词] and

[分句B] at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day
    ├── [时间状语] at that time (那时)
    ├── [主语] he
    ├── [谓语] used to work
    │   └── 含义: 过去常常工作
    └── [时间状语] fourteen hours a day (每天14小时)
        └── 功能: 强调工作时间长

句型特点：

强调句式：It was his job to do sth = “他的工作是…”
used to 重复使用：强化”过去习惯”这一语法重点
时间表达：at that time 与上文 as a boy 呼应

句4：简单句（时间顺序推进）

He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own.

句子成分拆解：

[主语] He
[谓语] saved / bought (并列谓语)
[宾语] money / a small work-shop
[时间状语] for years / in 1938
[定语] of his own: "属于他自己的"
    └── 用法: of one's own 表示"某人自己的"

句型特点：

具体年份：in 1938 明确时间点
所有格表达：of his own 强调”拥有”的成就感
for years：表示持续多年的积蓄过程

句5：used to 重复

During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.

句子成分拆解：

[时间状语] During the war (战争期间)
[主语] Frank
[谓语] used to make
    └── 含义: 过去常常制造
[宾语] spare parts (零配件)
[目的状语] for aeroplanes (为飞机)

句型特点：

used to 第三次出现：本课核心语法点反复强化
时间段状语：During the war 与上文 for years、in 1938 形成时间链条

句6：简单句补充

At that time he had two helpers.

句子成分拆解：

[时间状语] At that time (那时，指战争期间)
[主语] he
[谓语] had (一般过去时)
[宾语] two helpers (两个帮手)

句7：时态变化（过去完成时/一般过去时）

By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.

句子成分拆解：

[时间状语] By the end of the war
    ├── 结构: by + the end of + 时间段
    └── 功能: "到...末为止"，与完成时连用

[主语] the small work-shop
    └── 定冠词 the 表示特指上文提到的车间

[谓语] had become
    ├── 时态: 过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)
    └── 功能: 表示"过去的过去"，战争结束前已完成的变化

[表语] a large factory
    └── 与 small work-shop 形成对比

[定语从句] which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people
    ├── 先行词: factory
    ├── 关系代词: which (作主语)
    ├── 谓语: employed (雇用)
    └── 宾语: seven hundred and twenty-eight people (728人)

句型特点：

By + 过去时间 → 过去完成时：had become
定语从句：which 引导，修饰 factory
精确数字：seven hundred and twenty-eight 强调规模巨大

句8：when 引导时间状语从句

Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.

句子成分拆解：

[主句] Frank smiled
    ├── 主语: Frank
    └── 谓语: smiled (一般过去时)

[时间状语从句] when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success
    ├── 连词: when (当...时)
    ├── 主语: he
    ├── 谓语: remembered
    └── 宾语: his hard early years and the long road to success
        ├── hard early years: 早年艰辛岁月
        └── the long road to success: 漫长的成功之路

句型特点：

when 引导时间状语从句：表示”当…时候”
情感词汇：smiled, hard, success 形成情感张力
比喻表达：the long road to success = 成功之路

句9：过去进行时 + when（时间状语从句）

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

句子成分拆解：

[主句] He was still smiling
    ├── 主语: He
    ├── 谓语: was smiling (过去进行时)
    ├── 状语: still (仍然)
    └── 功能: 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

[时间状语从句] when the door opened and his wife came in
    ├── 连词: when (正在这时)
    ├── 分句A: the door opened
    ├── 并列连词: and
    └── 分句B: his wife came in

句型特点：

was/were doing when…did 句型：表示”正在做某事，这时突然…”
still 强调：持续的状态被新事件打断
叙事节奏：营造场景转换

句10：want sb to do 句型

She wanted him to repair their son’s bicycle!

句子成分拆解：

[主语] She (his wife)
[谓语] wanted
[宾语] him
[宾语补足语] to repair their son's bicycle
    ├── 结构: 不定式作宾补
    ├── 动词: repair (修理)
    └── 宾语: their son's bicycle
        └── 所有格: son's (儿子的)

句型特点：

want sb to do sth：“想要某人做某事”
首尾呼应：repair bicycles (句3) → repair their son’s bicycle (句10)
幽默效果：从成功企业家回归”修自行车”的起点

2.3 从句类型统计

从句类型	数量	例句	标记词
时间状语从句	3	句1, 句8, 句9	when
限制性定语从句	1	句7	which
used to 结构	3	句2, 句3, 句5	used to

2.4 句子结构图谱

第31课句子结构层级图

第一层：叙事引入
├── 句1: 过去进行时开篇（叙事框架）
│   └── was telling me about...

第二层：今昔对比
├── 句2: 并列句对比（now vs as a boy）
│   ├── 现在: is the head of a large company
│   └── 过去: used to work in a small shop
├── 句3: 强调句 + used to
│   ├── It was his job to repair bicycles
│   └── used to work fourteen hours a day

第三层：奋斗历程
├── 句4: 积蓄买车间 (saved...bought)
├── 句5: 战争期间业务 (used to make)
├── 句6: 事业扩张 (had two helpers)
└── 句7: 工厂壮大 (had become)
    └── which employed 728 people (定从)

第四层：情感升华
├── 句8: 回忆往事微笑 (smiled when...)
└── 句9: 仍在微笑时 (was still smiling when...)

第五层：幽默反转
└── 句10: 首尾呼应 (repair their son's bicycle!)

三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)

3.1 时态系统全景分析

3.1.1 时态分布统计

时态类型	出现次数	例句	功能
一般现在时	1	Frank is now…	描述现状
一般过去时	8	saved, bought, made, had, smiled…	叙述过去事实
过去进行时	2	was telling, was smiling	描述过去进行的状态
过去完成时	1	had become	表示”过去的过去”

3.1.2 时态时间轴

时间轴示意

现在 ←─────────────────────────────────────────────────→ 过去
  │                                                         │
  ▼                                                         ▼
Frank is now...                                        Yesterday
(现在是大老板)                                         afternoon
                                                              │
    ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
    │
    ├──→ was telling (昨天下午正在讲述)
    │
    ├──→ used to work (年轻时习惯)
    │
    ├──→ saved, bought (1938年)
    │
    ├──→ used to make (战争期间)
    │    ├──→ had (那时有帮手)
    │    └──→ had become (战争结束前已变成工厂)
    │
    └──→ smiled, was smiling (回忆时)
         └──→ wanted (妻子进来时)

3.2 used to 深度分析

3.2.1 used to 的三次使用

位置	例句	含义	功能
句2	he used to work in a small shop	过去在小店工作	今昔地位对比
句3	he used to work fourteen hours a day	过去每天工作14小时	强调勤奋
句5	used to make spare parts	过去常做零件	业务扩展

3.2.2 used to 的语法结构

used to do 结构分析
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

肯定式: 主语 + used to + 动词原形
例句: He used to work in a small shop.

否定式: 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形
例句: He didn't use to be rich.

疑问式: Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
例句: Did he use to work there?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

含义辨析:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ used to do      │ 过去常常做（现在不做了）     │
│ be used to do   │ 被用来做某事（被动语态）     │
│ be used to doing│ 习惯于做某事                 │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

本课用法: used to do (过去常常)

3.3 语态分析

语态	数量	例句	使用场景
主动语态	12句	He saved money…	强调主语的动作
被动语态	0句	-	本课无被动语态

主动语态使用原因：

叙事以 Frank 的经历为主线，强调其主动性
个人奋斗故事适合用主动语态

3.4 when 引导的时间状语从句

3.4.1 when 的三种用法

用法	例句	含义	配合时态
”当…时”	when he remembered…	当…时候	主从句一般过去时
”正在这时”	was smiling when the door opened	正在做A，这时B发生	主句进行时，从句一般过去时
叙事衔接	was telling me when…	讲述时涉及的内容	主句进行时

3.4.2 was/were doing when…did 句型

重要句型: was/were doing when...did
"正在做某事，这时突然..."

本课例句:
He was still smiling when the door opened...
他正在笑，这时门开了...

结构公式:
主语 + was/were + doing + when + 主语 + did

其他例句:
- I was reading when the phone rang.
- We were having dinner when someone knocked.

四、本课语法重点总结

4.1 核心语法点

4.1.1 语法点一：used to do 过去习惯表达 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

核心含义：表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在已不再如此

本课出现3次：

he used to work in a small shop
he used to work fourteen hours a day
used to make spare parts for aeroplanes

重要辨析：

结构	含义	例句
used to do	过去常常做（现在不做了）	He used to smoke.
be used to doing	习惯于做某事	He is used to working hard.
be used to do	被用来做某事	Wood is used to make paper.

4.1.2 语法点二：过去进行时 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

核心含义：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作

本课出现2次：

was telling（昨天下午正在讲述）
was smiling（正在微笑）

重要句型：was/were doing when…did

He was still smiling when the door opened…

4.1.3 语法点三：It was one’s job to do sth ⭐⭐⭐

核心含义：强调”做某事是某人的工作”

结构分析：

It: 形式主语
was one’s job: 系表结构
to do sth: 真正主语（不定式）

本课例句：

It was his job to repair bicycles.

4.1.4 语法点四：when 引导的时间状语从句 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

两种核心用法：

表示”当…时”（同时发生）
表示”正在这时突然”（打断进行中的动作）

4.1.5 语法点五：by + 时间 → 完成时 ⭐⭐⭐

本课例句：

By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become…

规则：

By + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
By + 将来时间 → 将来完成时

4.2 难句解析

难句1：今昔对比并列句

Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.

结构拆解：

分句A: Frank is now the head of a very large business company
        │     │    │              │
        主语  时态  表语核心        定语(强调规模大)

分句B: as a boy he used to work in a small shop
        │        │    │          │      │
        时间状语  主语  谓语        地点状语(强调规模小)

对比要素:
┌───────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
│   维度    │     现在      │     过去      │
├───────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤
│ 时间状语  │ now          │ as a boy     │
│ 地点      │ large company│ small shop   │
│ 地位      │ head         │ worker       │
│ 规模      │ very large   │ small        │
└───────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

难句2：when 打断句型

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

结构拆解：

主句: He was still smiling
      │    │     │
      主语  进行时  持续状语
      
从句: when the door opened and his wife came in
      │    │    │       │    │    │
      连词  主语  谓语    并列  主语  谓语

效果分析:
- "still smiling" 强调持续状态
- "when" 引入突发事件
- 营造画面感: 笑容凝固的瞬间

4.3 语法图谱

第31课语法知识图谱

                    ┌─ used to do (过去常常)
                    │     ├─ used to work in a shop
    used to 结构 ───┤     ├─ used to work 14 hours
                    │     └─ used to make spare parts
                    │
                    └─ 与 be used to 区分


                    ┌─ was/were + doing
    过去进行时 ─────┤     ├─ was telling
                    │     └─ was smiling
                    │
                    └─ was doing when...did 句型


                    ┌─ It was one's job to do sth
    强调/特殊结构 ──┤
                    └─ of one's own (某人自己的)


                    ┌─ when 引导时间状语从句
    从句系统 ───────┤
                    └─ which 引导定语从句


                    ┌─ by + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
    时态呼应 ───────┤     └─ had become
                    │
                    └─ 过去进行时 + when

五、与四级考试的关联

5.1 四级考点对应

本课语法点	四级题型	考查频率	真题示例
used to do	词汇语法	★★★★★	I used to get up early.
过去进行时	完形填空	★★★★☆	I was reading when…
when 引导从句	仔细阅读	★★★★★	when 的多种用法辨析
过去完成时	完形填空	★★★★☆	By the time…, had done
want sb to do	翻译/写作	★★★★☆	My mother wants me to study.

5.2 四级真题链接

used to 真题风格例句

1. I ______ get up early, but now I prefer to sleep in.
   A. am used to    B. used to    C. was used to    D. use to
   答案: B (used to 表示过去常常)

2. He ______ live in the countryside before he moved to the city.
   A. used to    B. was used to    C. got used to    D. would
   答案: A

过去进行时真题风格例句

3. I ______ my homework when the lights went out.
   A. did    B. was doing    C. have done    D. would do
   答案: B (was doing when...did 句型)

5.3 四级写作应用

今昔对比写作模板（本课句型迁移）：

【描述个人变化的句型】

开篇:
______ is now ______, but as a child he/she used to ______.
例: Tom is now a famous doctor, but as a child he used to be very shy.

描述过去习惯:
At that time, he/she used to ______ and ______.
例: At that time, he used to read books every day and help his parents.

描述变化:
By the end of ______, he/she had become ______.
例: By the end of college, he had become a top student.

结尾:
He/She smiled when he/she remembered ______.
例: He smiled when he remembered those hard but meaningful days.

六、学习检测

6.1 语法填空

用所给词的适当形式填空：

Frank ______ (tell) me about his experiences yesterday afternoon.
As a boy, he ______ (use) work in a small shop.
It ______ (be) his job ______ (repair) bicycles.
He ______ (save) money for years before he ______ (buy) the workshop.
By the end of the war, the workshop ______ (become) a large factory.
He ______ (smile) when he remembered his early years.
He ______ (still smile) when his wife came in.
She wanted him ______ (repair) their son’s bicycle.

点击查看答案

was telling
used to
was, to repair
had saved, bought
had become
smiled
was still smiling
to repair

6.2 句型转换

He worked in a small shop when he was young.（用 used to 改写） → ________________________________________________
“What was your job?” “I repaired bicycles.”（用 It was one’s job to do 改写） → ________________________________________________
The phone rang. I was watching TV.（用 when 合并，强调打断） → ________________________________________________

点击查看答案

He used to work in a small shop.
It was my job to repair bicycles.
I was watching TV when the phone rang.

6.3 翻译练习

将下列句子翻译成英文：

他过去常常每天工作十二小时。

当我进门时，他正在看书。

到去年年底，这家公司已经雇用了五百名员工。

她想要我帮她修自行车。

点击查看答案

He used to work twelve hours a day.
He was reading when I came in.
By the end of last year, the company had employed 500 workers.
She wanted me to help her repair the bicycle.

七、考点清单

考点	内容	难度	掌握程度
used to do	表示过去习惯，与现在对比	★★★★☆	☐
过去进行时	was/were doing	★★★☆☆	☐
when 从句	两种用法（当…时/正在这时）	★★★★☆	☐
过去完成时	by + 过去时间 → had done	★★★★☆	☐
It was one’s job to do	强调句式	★★★☆☆	☐
want sb to do	不定式作宾补	★★☆☆☆	☐
of one’s own	某人自己的	★★☆☆☆	☐

八、JSON元数据

{
  "lesson": {
    "book": "New Concept English 2",
    "number": 31,
    "title": "Success story",
    "title_zh": "成功者的故事"
  },
  "grammar": {
    "primary_focus": ["used to do", "Past Continuous", "when-clause"],
    "secondary_focus": ["Past Perfect", "want sb to do", "It was one's job"],
    "used_to_count": 3,
    "tenses_used": ["Simple Present", "Simple Past", "Past Continuous", "Past Perfect"]
  },
  "logic_function": {
    "type": "Narrative Logic - Contrast & Humor",
    "features": ["Past vs Present", "Success Story", "Humorous Twist"]
  },
  "difficulty": {
    "overall": "Intermediate",
    "grammar_complexity": 3.5,
    "vocabulary_level": 3.0
  },
  "cet4_connection": {
    "translation": "used to do / Past Continuous",
    "cloze": "when-clause / Past Perfect",
    "writing": "Describing Past Experiences"
  }
}

本讲义根据《新概念英语第二册》第31课文进行深度语法分析，重点聚焦 used to 结构、过去进行时以及 when 引导的时间状语从句。

本课涉及的语法术语

提示：点击术语链接可跳转到详细解释，使用 Obsidian 可查看双向链接关系。

探索

第31课_Success_story_语法精讲

第二册 L31 Success story 成功者的故事 - 语法深度精讲

课文原文

一、词法分析 (Morphology)

1.1 核心词汇词类标注

1.2 词形变化要点

1.2.1 动词的不规则变化

1.2.2 派生词分析

1.3 复合词识别

二、句法分析 (Syntax)

2.1 全文句型统计

2.2 逐句成分分析

句1：过去进行时开篇

句2：今昔对比（并列句）

句3：强调句 + 过去习惯

句4：简单句（时间顺序推进）

句5：used to 重复

句6：简单句补充

句7：时态变化（过去完成时/一般过去时）

句8：when 引导时间状语从句

句9：过去进行时 + when（时间状语从句）

句10：want sb to do 句型

2.3 从句类型统计

2.4 句子结构图谱

三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)

3.1 时态系统全景分析

3.1.1 时态分布统计

3.1.2 时态时间轴

3.2 used to 深度分析

3.2.1 used to 的三次使用

3.2.2 used to 的语法结构

3.3 语态分析

3.4 when 引导的时间状语从句

3.4.1 when 的三种用法

3.4.2 was/were doing when…did 句型

四、本课语法重点总结

4.1 核心语法点

4.1.1 语法点一：used to do 过去习惯表达 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

4.1.2 语法点二：过去进行时 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

4.1.3 语法点三：It was one’s job to do sth ⭐⭐⭐

4.1.4 语法点四：when 引导的时间状语从句 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

4.1.5 语法点五：by + 时间 → 完成时 ⭐⭐⭐

4.2 难句解析

难句1：今昔对比并列句

难句2：when 打断句型

4.3 语法图谱

五、与四级考试的关联

5.1 四级考点对应

5.2 四级真题链接

used to 真题风格例句

过去进行时真题风格例句

5.3 四级写作应用

六、学习检测

6.1 语法填空

6.2 句型转换

6.3 翻译练习

七、考点清单

八、JSON元数据

本课涉及的语法术语

关系图谱

目录

反向链接