第36课_Across_the_Channel_语法精讲

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Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 - 语法深度分析

课文原文

Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Erna's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Erna's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
**参考译文**： 厄娜·哈特打算明天横渡英吉利海峡。她将在早上五点从法国海岸出发。厄娜只有十四岁，她希望创造一项新的世界纪录。她是一个强壮的游泳者，许多人觉得她一定会成功。厄娜的父亲将乘小船和她一起出发。哈特先生训练他的女儿已经多年了。明天当她游往英格兰的长距离时，他将焦急地注视着她。厄娜打算每两小时休息片刻。她将喝些东西，但不吃任何固体食物。厄娜的大部分同学将在英格兰海岸等候她。其中会有厄娜的母亲，她小时候也曾横渡过海峡。

一、词法分析 (Morphology)

1.1 核心词汇词类标注

词汇词类词根/词缀分析搭配/用法
swimv./n.不规则动词：swim-swam-swumswim across 横渡；go for a swim
channeln.源自拉丁语 canalis (管道)the English Channel 英吉利海峡
set outphr.v.set(放置)+out(向外)set out from 从…出发
coastn.源自古法语 coste (海岸)on the coast 在海岸线上
recordn./v.re-(回)+cord(心)→记在心中set up a record 创造纪录；break a record 打破纪录
swimmern.swim(游泳)+-m-(双写)+-er(人)a strong swimmer 强壮的游泳者
succeedv.suc-(下)+ceed(走)→跟随成功succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
trainv./n.多义词：训练/火车train sb. for years 多年训练某人
anxiouslyadv.anxious(焦虑的)+-lywatch sb. anxiously 焦急地看着某人
distancen.dis-(分开)+st(站)+-ance→分开站the long distance 长距离
intendv.in-(向内)+tend(伸展)→内心倾向intend to do sth. 打算做某事
solidadj.源自拉丁语 solidus (坚固的)solid food 固体食物；solid gold 纯金
amongprep.三者或以上”在…之中”among them 在他们之中

1.2 词形变化要点

  • 不规则动词变化：

    • swim → swam → swum (游泳)
    • set → set → set (放置/出发) - 文中 set out 使用原形
    • feel → felt → felt (感觉)

  • 派生词：

    • swim (v.) → swimmer (n. 游泳者)
    • anxious (adj.) → anxiously (adv. 焦急地)
    • train (v.) → trained (adj. 受过训练的)

二、句法分析 (Syntax)

2.1 全文句型统计

句型类型数量占比例句
简单句6句46%“Erna is only fourteen years old.”
并列句3句23%“Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.”
复合句4句31%“many people feel that she is sure to succeed”

2.2 逐句句法分析

第1句

原句: “Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.”

句子成分分析:

  • 主语: Erna Hart (专有名词，人名)
  • 谓语: is going to swim (一般将来时，be going to 结构)
  • [状语]:
    • across the English Channel (地点状语，介词短语)
    • tomorrow (时间状语)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V (主谓结构，swim为不及物动词)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

语法要点:

  • be going to 表示计划、打算做某事
  • across 为介词，与 the English Channel 构成介词短语

第2句

原句: “She is going to set out from the French coast at five o’clock in the morning.”

句子成分分析:

  • 谓语: is going to set out (be going to 结构表将来计划)
  • [状语]:
    • from the French coast (地点状语，介词短语)
    • at five o’clock in the morning (时间状语，介词短语)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V (主谓结构，set out 为不及物短语动词)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

第3句

原句: “Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.”

句子成分分析:

  • 第一分句：
    • [表语]: only fourteen years old (形容词短语)
  • 第二分句：
    • 宾语: to set up a new world record (不定式短语作宾语)

句型判定:

  • 第一分句: S + V + C (主系表结构)
  • 第二分句: S + V + O (主谓宾结构)
  • 句子类型: 并列句 (由 and 连接)

第4句

原句: “She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.”

句子成分分析:

  • 第一分句：
    • [表语]: a strong swimmer (名词短语)
  • 第二分句：
    • 主语: many people
    • [宾语从句]: that she is sure to succeed
      • [从句表语]: sure to succeed (形容词+不定式)

句型判定:

  • 第一分句: S + V + C (主系表结构)
  • 第二分句: S + V + O (宾语为从句)
  • 句子类型: 并列复合句

从句分析:

  • 从句类型: 宾语从句
  • 引导词: that (可省略)
  • 从句功能: 作 feel 的宾语

第5句

原句: “Erna’s father will set out with her in a small boat.”

句子成分分析:

  • 主语: Erna’s father (名词所有格+名词)
  • 谓语: will set out (一般将来时)
  • [状语]:
    • with her (伴随状语，介词短语)
    • in a small boat (方式/工具状语，介词短语)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V (主谓结构)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

第6句

原句: “Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years.”

句子成分分析:

  • 主语: Mr Hart
  • 谓语: has trained (现在完成时)
  • 宾语: his daughter
  • [状语]: for years (时间状语，表示持续的时间段)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V + O (主谓宾结构)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

时态要点:

第7句

原句: “Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.”

句子成分分析:

  • 谓语: will be watching (将来进行时)
  • [状语]:
    • Tomorrow (时间状语)
    • anxiously (方式状语，副词)
    • as she swims the long distance to England (时间状语从句)
      • [从句宾语]: the long distance
      • [从句状语]: to England

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V + O (主谓宾结构)
  • 句子类型: 复合句

从句分析:

  • 从句类型: 时间状语从句
  • 引导词: as (当…时候，强调两个动作同时进行)
  • 从句功能: 修饰主句谓语动词 will be watching，说明时间背景

第8句

原句: “Erna intends to take short rests every two hours.”

句子成分分析:

  • 宾语: to take short rests every two hours (不定式短语)
  • [状语]: every two hours (时间状语，频率表达)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V + O (主谓宾结构，宾语为不定式)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

第9句

原句: “She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.”

句子成分分析:

  • 第一分句：
    • 谓语: will have (一般将来时)
    • 定语: to drink (不定式作后置定语，修饰something)
  • 第二分句：
    • 谓语: will not eat (否定式将来时)
    • 宾语: any solid food

句型判定:

  • 两个分句均为 S + V + O 结构
  • 句子类型: 并列句 (由 but 连接，表转折)

第10句

原句: “Most of Erna’s school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.”

句子成分分析:

  • 主语: Most of Erna’s school friends
    • 定语: of Erna’s school friends (介词短语修饰 Most)
  • 谓语: will be waiting (将来进行时)
  • [状语]: for her (介词短语，表对象)
  • [状语]: on the English coast (地点状语)

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V (主谓结构，wait为不及物动词)
  • 句子类型: 简单句

第11句

原句: “Among them will be Erna’s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.”

句子成分分析:

  • [状语]: Among them (介词短语前置)
  • 谓语: will be (一般将来时)
  • 主语: Erna’s mother (主谓倒装，正常语序为 Erna’s mother will be among them)
  • [定语从句]: who swam the Channel herself
    • [从句宾语]: the Channel
  • [时间状语从句]: when she was a girl
    • [从句表语]: a girl

句型判定:

  • 基本句型: S + V + C (主系表结构，倒装)
  • 句子类型: 复合句

特殊结构:

  • 倒装: 介词短语 Among them 置于句首，引起完全倒装
  • 正常语序: Erna’s mother will be among them

从句分析:

  1. 定语从句:

  2. 时间状语从句:

    • 引导词: when
    • 功能: 修饰定语从句中的谓语动词 swam

2.3 句子成分统计

成分类型出现次数典型例句语法功能
时间状语8次”tomorrow”, “as she swims”表示动作发生的时间
地点状语5次”across the Channel”, “on the English coast”表示动作发生的地点
方式状语2次”anxiously”表示动作的方式
宾语从句1次”that she is sure to succeed”作 feel 的宾语
时间状语从句2次”as she swims”, “when she was a girl”修饰主句谓语动词
定语从句1次”who swam the Channel herself”修饰 Erna’s mother

三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)

3.1 时态系统分析

时态出现次数例句语法功能
一般将来时 (will do)5次”will set out”, “will be watching”表示将来发生的动作
将来进行时 (will be doing)2次”he will be watching her anxiously”表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作
现在完成时 (have/has done)1次”has trained his daughter for years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作
一般现在时 (do/does)2次”intends”, “is”表示现在的状态或习惯
一般过去时 (did)1次”swam”, “was”表示过去发生的动作
be going to 结构3次”is going to swim”, “is going to set out”表示计划、打算

3.2 be going to vs will 用法对比

结构例句使用场景语义侧重
be going to”Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.”事先计划好的意图强调”计划、打算”
will”Erna’s father will set out with her in a small boat.”将来的事实或预测强调”将来会发生”
will be doing”he will be watching her anxiously”将来某时正在进行的动作强调”进行”

本课核心语法点:

  1. be going to 表示计划: 课文前两句都用 be going to 结构，强调 Erna 已经做好了横渡海峡的计划
  2. will 表示将来事实: 父亲陪同、朋友等候等用 will，表示这些是会发生的将来事实
  3. 将来进行时: “will be watching” 和 “will be waiting” 强调将来某时刻正在进行的持续性动作

3.3 语态分析

语态数量例句使用场景
主动语态13句全文均为 active voice强调执行者

本课无被动语态，全文使用主动语态叙述事件。

3.4 从句系统分析

3.4.1 定语从句

例句引导词先行词从句类型
”Erna’s mother, who swam the Channel herself…“whoErna’s mother非限制性定语从句

语法要点:

  • who 在从句中作主语，指代人
  • 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，补充说明先行词信息
  • 从句中嵌套了时间状语从句 “when she was a girl”

3.4.2 时间状语从句

例句引导词语义功能
”as she swims the long distance to England”as当…时候，强调主从句动作同时进行
”when she was a girl”when当…时候，表示时间点

语法要点:

  • as 引导的时间状语从句强调两个持续性动作同时进行
  • when 引导的时间状语从句可表示时间点或时间段
  • 时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 (“as she swims”)

四、本课语法重点总结

4.1 核心语法点

  1. be going to 结构表示计划: 本课前三句使用 be going to 表示已经计划好的将来动作
  2. 将来进行时: “will be watching/waiting” 表示将来某时正在进行的动作
  3. 时间状语从句: as/when 引导，主将从现原则
  4. 定语从句: who 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰人
  5. 完全倒装: “Among them will be…” 介词短语前置引起倒装

4.2 难句解析

难句: “Among them will be Erna’s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.”

结构拆解:

[状语 Among them] + [谓语 will be] + [主语 Erna's mother], 
[定语从句 who swam the Channel herself [时间状语从句 when she was a girl]]

语法难点:

  1. 介词短语前置引起的完全倒装
  2. 非限制性定语从句 who 指代人，在从句中作主语
  3. 定语从句中嵌套时间状语从句 when
  4. 反身代词 herself 强调”亲自”

中文翻译: 其中会有厄娜的母亲，她小时候也曾横渡过海峡。

4.3 语法图谱

Lesson 36 Across the Channel - 语法结构图谱

时态系统
├── 计划将来: be going to (3次)
│   └── is going to swim/set out
├── 将来事实: will do (3次)
│   └── will set out/will have/will not eat
└── 将来进行: will be doing (2次)
    └── will be watching/will be waiting

从句系统
├── 名词性从句
│   └── 宾语从句: that she is sure to succeed
├── 定语从句 (非限制性)
│   └── who swam the Channel herself
│       └── 嵌套: when she was a girl (时间状语从句)
└── 时间状语从句
    ├── as she swims... (同时进行)
    └── when she was a girl (过去时间)

特殊结构
└── 完全倒装: Among them will be Erna's mother

句子类型分布
├── 简单句 46%
├── 并列句 23%
└── 复合句 31%

五、与四级考试的关联

语法点四级考点真题例句
be going to 表计划听力/语法填空”I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend.”
将来进行时听力场景理解”This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to Paris.”
时间状语从句 (主将从现)语法高频考点”I will call you when he arrives.”
定语从句 (who)阅读长难句”The man who is standing there is my teacher.”
完全倒装语法难点”Here comes the bus.”

分析完成时间: 2026-04-02 课号: Lesson 36 文本长度: 135词/13句

本课涉及的语法术语

本课出现的核心语法术语（按出现顺序）：

时态相关

从句相关

句子结构

  • 简单句 - 只有一个主谓结构的句子
  • 并列句 - 由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句
  • 复合句 - 包含一个主句和一个或多个从句
  • 完全倒装 - 介词短语前置引起的倒装结构

句子成分

  • [主语] - 句子的主体
  • [谓语] - 说明主语的动作或状态
  • [宾语] - 动作的承受者
  • 状语 - 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分
  • [定语] - 修饰名词的成分

其他

关系图谱

反向链接