第二册 L37 The Olympic Games 语法深度精讲
课号：第37课（共96课）
标题：The Olympic Games（奥林匹克运动会）
语法重点：将来时态系统（一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时）+ 被动语态 + 时间状语
核心逻辑功能：预测性叙事 - 基于时间线的未来事件规划与期待
课文原文
**Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会**
## 参考译文
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years’ time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called ‘Olympic City’. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
四年后，奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行。由于将有大量的人来参观我们国家，政府将建造新的旅馆、一个巨大的体育场和一个漂亮的新游泳池。他们还将修建新的道路和一条专门的铁路线。奥运会将在首都郊外举行，整个地区将被称为”奥运城”。工人们将在今年年底前完成新道路的建设。到明年年底，他们将完成新体育场的建设。这些漂亮的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的。当新建筑拔地而起时，每个人都将焦急地关注着。我们都很兴奋，并期待着奥林匹克运动会，因为这个国家以前从未举办过奥运会。
一、词法分析 (Morphology)
1.1 核心词汇词类标注
| 词汇 | 词性 | 词义 | 语法功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olympic | adj. | 奥林匹克的 | 专有形容词，修饰Games |
| immense | adj. | 巨大的，庞大的 | 定语，修饰stadium |
| stadium | n. (C) | 体育场 | 宾语中心词 |
| government | n. (C) | 政府 | 主语 |
| railway-line | n. (C) | 铁路线 | 宾语，复合名词 |
| capital | n. (C) | 首都 | 介词宾语 |
| anxiously | adv. | 焦虑地，急切地 | 方式状语 |
| look forward to | phr. v. | 期待，盼望 | 谓语动词短语 |
1.2 词形变化要点
1.2.1 动词的不规则变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hold | held | held | holding | 举行 |
| visit | visited | visited | visiting | 参观 |
| build | built | built | building | 建造 |
| complete | completed | completed | completing | 完成 |
| finish | finished | finished | finishing | 完成 |
| design | designed | designed | designing | 设计 |
| watch | watched | watched | watching | 观看 |
| go | went | gone | going | 去，进行 |
| look | looked | looked | looking | 看，期待 |
1.2.2 形容词与副词派生
| 形容词 | 副词形式 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|
| anxious | anxiously | 焦虑的 → 焦虑地 |
| excited | excitedly | 兴奋的 → 兴奋地 |
| modern | - | 现代化的 |
| fine | - | 精美的，漂亮的 |
| new | - | 新的 |
二、句法分析 (Syntax)
2.1 全文句型统计
| 句子类型 | 数量 | 占比 | 例句位置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 3 | 33% | 句1, 句6, 句7 |
| 并列句 | 2 | 22% | 句4, 句8 |
| 复合句（主从） | 4 | 45% | 句2, 句3, 句5, 句9 |
| 合计 | 9 | 100% | - |
2.2 逐句成分分析
句1：一般将来时被动开篇
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years’ time.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] The Olympic Games
└── 专有名词短语，奥运会
[谓语] will be held
├── 时态: 一般将来时
├── 语态: 被动语态（will be + 过去分词）
└── 语义: 将被举行
[地点状语] in our country（介词短语）
[时间状语] in four years' time（介词短语，"四年后"）
句型特点：
- 将来时被动语态开篇，点明主题事件
- 时间状语”in four years’ time”置于句末，强调未来时间点
句2：as引导原因状语从句 + 将来进行时
As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool.
句子成分拆解：
[原因状语从句] As a great many people will be visiting the country
├── 连词: As（因为）
├── 主语: a great many people（大量的人）
└── 谓语: will be visiting（将来进行时）
└── 语义: 将会正在参观
[主句] the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool
├── 主语: the government（政府）
├── 谓语: will be building（将来进行时）
│ └── 语义: 将会正在建造
└── 宾语（三并列）:
├── new hotels（新旅馆）
├── an immense stadium（一个巨大的体育场）
└── a fine new swimming pool（一个漂亮的新游泳池）
语法要点：
- 将来进行时：will be + doing，表示将来某时正在进行的动作
- as引导原因状语从句：说明主句动作的原因
句3：将来进行时并列句
They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] They（指代the government）
[谓语] will also be building
├── 时态: 将来进行时
├── 语态: 主动
└── also: 副词，"还，也"，表追加
[宾语（并列）] new roads and a special railway-line
├── new roads（新道路）
└── a special railway-line（一条专门的铁路线）
句4：并列句（and连接）
The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called ‘Olympic City’.
句子成分拆解：
[分句1] The Games will be held just outside the capital
├── 主语: The Games
├── 谓语: will be held（一般将来时被动）
└── 地点状语: just outside the capital（就在首都郊外）
[并列连词] and
[分句2] the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'
├── 主语: the whole area（整个地区）
├── 谓语: will be called（一般将来时被动）
└── 主语补足语: 'Olympic City'（"奥运城"）
句5：将来完成时 + by时间状语
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] Workers（工人们）
[谓语] will have completed
├── 时态: 将来完成时（will have + 过去分词）
└── 语义: 将已经完成
[宾语] the new roads（新道路）
[时间状语] by the end of this year（到今年年底为止）
└── 语法要点: by + 将来时间点 → 配合将来完成时
句6：将来完成时 + by时间状语
By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
句子成分拆解：
[时间状语] By the end of next year（到明年年底）
└── 置于句首，强调截止时间
[主语] they（指代workers）
[谓语] will have finished（将来完成时）
[宾语] work on the new stadium（新体育场的建设工作）
└── work为名词，on the new stadium为后置定语
句7：现在完成时被动
The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter.
句子成分拆解：
[主语] The fine modern buildings
├── fine（精美的）
├── modern（现代化的）
└── buildings（建筑物，复数）
[谓语] have been designed
├── 时态: 现在完成时
├── 语态: 被动语态
└── 语义: 已经被设计
[施事者状语] by Kurt Gunter（由库尔特·冈特）
句8：as引导时间状语从句 + 将来进行时
Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
句子成分拆解：
[主句] Everybody will be watching anxiously
├── 主语: Everybody（每个人）
├── 谓语: will be watching（将来进行时）
└── 方式状语: anxiously（焦急地）
[时间状语从句] as the new buildings go up
├── 连词: as（当……时）
├── 主语: the new buildings
└── 谓语: go up（升起，拔地而起）
└── 一般现在时表将来（时间状语从句中）
句9：because引导原因状语从句
We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
句子成分拆解：
[主句] We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games
├── 主语: We
├── 谓语1: are all very excited（现在进行时表状态）
├── 并列连词: and
└── 谓语2: are looking forward to the Olympic Games
└── look forward to: 期待（后接名词/动名词）
[原因状语从句] because they have never been held before in this country
├── 连词: because（因为）
├── 主语: they（指代the Olympic Games）
├── 谓语: have never been held（现在完成时被动，否定）
├── 时间状语: before（以前）
└── 地点状语: in this country（在这个国家）
三、功能语法分析 (Functional Grammar)
3.1 时态系统全景分析
3.1.1 时态分布统计
| 时态类型 | 出现次数 | 例句 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | 4 | will be held, will be called | 陈述未来事实 |
| 将来进行时 | 3 | will be visiting, will be building, will be watching | 强调将来进行中的动作 |
| 将来完成时 | 2 | will have completed, will have finished | 表示将来某时前已完成 |
| 现在完成时 | 2 | have been designed, have never been held | 过去动作对现在的影响 |
| 一般现在时 | 1 | go up | 时间状语从句中表将来 |
| 现在进行时 | 1 | are looking forward | 表示当前状态/进行 |
3.1.2 将来时态时间轴
时间轴示意（以现在为参照点）
现在 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────→ 将来
│ │
│ [今年底] [明年底] [4年后] │
│ │ │ │ │
│ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
│ will have will have will be will be
│ completed finished held visiting
│ (新道路完成) (体育场完成) (奥运会举行) (大量游客)
│
现在: have been designed (已设计) / are excited (兴奋中)
3.1.3 将来时态三兄弟对比
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 | 核心含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | will + do | The Games will be held… | 单纯陈述未来事实 |
| 将来进行时 | will be + doing | People will be visiting… | 将来某时正在进行 |
| 将来完成时 | will have + done | Workers will have completed… | 将来某时前已完成 |
使用场景对比：
一般将来时 —— "会发生什么"
→ The Olympic Games will be held in four years. (四年后将举办奥运会)
将来进行时 —— "将来某时正在做什么"
→ The government will be building new hotels. (将正在建造旅馆)
• 强调动作的过程性
• 暗示动作的持续性
将来完成时 —— "将来某时前完成什么"
→ Workers will have completed the roads by the end of this year.
(到今年底将已完成道路)
• 强调动作的完成性
• 常与by/before + 将来时间连用
3.1.4 “By”的时间含义
By + 时间 = "到……为止"（截止点）
配合时态规则:
1. By + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
By 2020, they had completed the project.
2. By + 现在时间 → 现在完成时
By now, they have finished the work.
3. By + 将来时间 → 将来完成时 ← 本课重点
By the end of this year, workers will have completed the roads.
By the end of next year, they will have finished the stadium.
3.2 语态系统深度分析
3.2.1 被动语态统计
本课共出现 7处被动语态：
| 序号 | 被动结构 | 时态 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | will be held | 一般将来时被动 | 奥运会被举办 |
| 2 | will be called | 一般将来时被动 | 地区被称为 |
| 3 | will have completed | 将来完成时主动 | 工人完成（非被动） |
| 4 | will have finished | 将来完成时主动 | 工人完成（非被动） |
| 5 | have been designed | 现在完成时被动 | 建筑被设计 |
| 6 | have never been held | 现在完成时被动（否定） | 从未被举办 |
重点被动结构详解：
一般将来时被动: will be + 过去分词
→ The Games will be held... (奥运会将被举行)
→ The area will be called... (该地区将被称为)
现在完成时被动: have/has been + 过去分词
→ The buildings have been designed... (建筑已被设计)
→ They have never been held... (从未被举办过)
3.2.2 被动语态使用原因
本课为何使用被动语态？
1. 强调受事者而非施事者
- "The Olympic Games will be held" —— 强调奥运会本身
- "The buildings have been designed" —— 强调建筑物
2. 施事者未知或不重要
- "will be held" —— 谁举办不是重点
- "will be called" —— 谁命名不是重点
3. 客观陈述事实
- 被动语态使叙述更客观、正式
- 适合新闻报道和官方说明
4. 施事者已在上下文中明确
- "by Kurt Gunter" —— 设计者在后文补充说明
3.3 时间状语系统
3.3.1 时间状语汇总
| 时间状语 | 语法结构 | 时态配合 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in four years’ time | in + 一段时间 | 一般将来时 | 四年后（未来时间点） |
| by the end of this year | by the end of | 将来完成时 | 到今年底为止 |
| by the end of next year | by the end of | 将来完成时 | 到明年年底为止 |
| before | 副词 | 现在完成时 | 以前 |
3.3.2 时间状语的位置与功能
【in + 一段时间】—— 多久之后
位置: 句首或句末
例句: In four years' time, the Olympic Games will be held.
The Olympic Games will be held in four years' time.
含义: 从现在起算，四年后
【by the end of + 时间】—— 到……为止
位置: 句首（强调）或句末
例句: By the end of this year, workers will have completed the roads.
Workers will have completed the roads by the end of this year.
含义: 截止到这个时间点之前
配合时态: 将来完成时
四、从句分析 (Clause Analysis)
4.1 状语从句统计
| 从句类型 | 数量 | 位置 | 连词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原因状语从句 | 1 | 句2 | As |
| 时间状语从句 | 1 | 句8 | as |
| 原因状语从句 | 1 | 句9 | because |
4.2 As的多重功能
本课中 as 出现两次，功能不同：
【句2】As a great many people will be visiting...
as = because（因为）→ 引导原因状语从句
【句8】...as the new buildings go up
as = when/while（当……时）→ 引导时间状语从句
4.3 时间状语从句的时态规则
主将从现原则：
当主句使用将来时态时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
主句: Everybody will be watching anxiously（将来进行时）
从句: as the new buildings go up（一般现在时表将来）
其他例子:
- I will call you when he arrives. (not: will arrive)
- She'll be happy if you come. (not: will come)
五、句子结构图谱
第37课句子结构层级图
第一层：宣布事件（将来时被动开篇）
├── 句1: The Olympic Games will be held...
│ └── 一般将来时被动 + in four years' time
第二层：解释原因与规划（将来进行时）
├── 句2: As... will be visiting..., ...will be building...
│ └── as原因从句 + 将来进行时（参观+建造）
└── 句3: They will also be building...
└── 追加建造计划（将来进行时）
第三层：具体安排（将来时被动）
└── 句4: ...will be held... and... will be called...
└── 地点确定 + 命名（并列句，被动语态）
第四层：工程进度（将来完成时）
├── 句5: Workers will have completed... by the end of this year
│ └── 将来完成时 + by时间状语（今年底）
└── 句6: By the end of next year, ...will have finished...
└── 将来完成时 + by时间状语（明年底）
第五层：设计完成（现在完成时被动）
└── 句7: ...have been designed by...
└── 现在完成时被动 + 施事者
第六层：公众反应与期待（将来进行时+原因从句）
├── 句8: ...will be watching anxiously as...
│ └── 将来进行时 + as时间从句
└── 句9: ...are looking forward to... because...
└── 现在进行时 + because原因从句 + 现在完成时被动
六、核心语法点总结
6.1 将来时态三形式
| 形式 | 结构 | 本课例句 | 核心用法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | will + do | will be held | 单纯陈述未来 |
| 将来进行时 | will be + doing | will be building | 强调过程进行 |
| 将来完成时 | will have + done | will have completed | 强调完成截止 |
6.2 被动语态公式
各种时态的被动形式:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ 时态 │ 被动结构 │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│ 一般将来时 │ will be + done │ ← 本课重点
│ 将来完成时 │ will have been + done │
│ 现在完成时 │ have/has been + done │ ← 本课有
└─────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
6.3 时间状语公式
in + 一段时间 → 多久之后（配合一般将来时）
by the end of + 时间 → 到……为止（配合完成时态）
• by the end of + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
• by the end of + 将来时间 → 将来完成时
本课涉及的语法术语
| 术语 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | Simple Future Tense |
| 将来进行时 | Future Continuous Tense |
| 将来完成时 | Future Perfect Tense |
| 被动语态 | Passive Voice |
| 时间状语 | Time Adverbial |
| 原因状语从句 | Adverbial Clause of Reason |
| 时间状语从句 | Adverbial Clause of Time |
| 主将从现 | Main Clause Future, Subordinate Clause Present |
| 并列句 | Compound Sentence |
| 主语补足语 | Subject Complement |
| 施事者状语 | Agent Adverbial |
| 现在完成时 | Present Perfect Tense |
| 一般现在时 | Simple Present Tense |
| 现在进行时 | Present Continuous Tense |
| 介词短语 | Prepositional Phrase |