第47课 A thirsty ghost 深度语法分析
课号：第47课（共96课）
标题：A thirsty ghost（嗜酒的鬼魂）
核心语法重点：过去完成时、被动语态、情态动词+完成式（must have done）
难度等级：★★★☆（四级进阶）
课文原文
A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.
伊恩·汤普森先生最近买的一家酒吧正在出售。汤普森先生打算卖掉它，因为它闹鬼。他告诉我，有天晚上他无法入睡，因为他听到酒吧里传来奇怪的声音。第二天早上，他发现门被椅子堵住了，家具也被移动过。虽然汤普森先生睡前关了灯，但早上灯却是开着的。他还说他发现了五个空的威士忌瓶子，一定是鬼魂前一天晚上喝的。当我建议说可能是一些村民进来免费喝酒时，汤普森先生摇了摇头。村民们告诉他，即使他把客栈白送给他们，他们也不会接受。
一、词法分析 (Morphology)
1.1 核心词汇词类标注
| 词汇 | 音标 | 词性 | 本课含义 | 词形变化 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| public house | /ˈpʌblɪk haʊs/ | n. | 酒吧；客栈 | pubs (复数，口语) |
| haunted | /ˈhɔːntɪd/ | adj. | 闹鬼的 | haunt (v.), haunting (adj.) |
| block | /blɒk/ | v. | 堵塞；阻挡 | blocks (三单), blocked (过去式) |
| furniture | /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ | n. | 家具 | 不可数名词 |
| suggest | /səˈdʒest/ | v. | 建议；暗示 | suggests (三单), suggested (过去式) |
| villager | /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ | n. | 村民 | villagers (复数) |
| inn | /ɪn/ | n. | 小旅馆；客栈 | inns (复数) |
| give away | /ɡɪv əˈweɪ/ | phr. v. | 赠送；送出 | gave away (过去式) |
| whisky | /ˈwɪski/ | n. | 威士忌酒 | whiskies (复数) |
1.2 词形变化要点
1.2.1 动词不规则变化
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 本课出现形式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought | was bought (被动) |
| sell | sold | sold | is up for sale |
| go | went | gone | is going to sell |
| hear | heard | heard | heard a strange noise |
| find | found | found | found that… |
| shake | shook | shaken | shook his head |
| give | gave | given | gives it away |
| drink | drank | drunk | must have drunk |
| come | came | come | coming from |
| tell | told | told | told me that… |
1.2.2 派生词族
public house → pub (口语缩略)
public (adj.) 公共的 + house (n.) 房屋 → public house 酒吧
↓
pub [pʌb] 酒吧（口语）
suggest 词族：
suggest (v.) 建议 → suggestion (n.) 建议
→ suggestive (adj.) 暗示性的
二、句法分析 (Syntax)
2.1 全文句型统计
| 句型类别 | 数量 | 占比 | 例句编号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 1 | 10% | S2 |
| 并列句 | 1 | 10% | S4 |
| 复合句（含从句） | 8 | 80% | S1, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 |
| 总计 | 10 | 100% | — |
2.2 逐句成分分析
S1: 开篇定语从句引入
A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale.
[主语] A public house (which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson)
│ └────────────── 定语从句 ──────────────────┘
│
[系动词] is
[表语] up for sale (待售)
定语从句分析：
- 先行词：a public house
- 关系代词：which (作主语)
- 谓语：was bought (一般过去时被动语态)
- 状语：recently (时间), by Mr Ian Thompson (施事者)
S2: 原因状语从句
Mr Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted.
[主语] Mr Thompson
[谓语] is going to sell (一般将来时：be going to 结构)
[宾语] it
[原因状语从句] because it is haunted
└─────┬────┘
主系表结构，被动意义形容词
注意：haunted 是过去分词作形容词用，表示”被闹鬼的”。
本句涉及语法术语：原因状语从句 | 一般将来时 | 过去分词
S3: 双重原因状语从句
He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar.
[主句] He told me that...
│ └────────────── 宾语从句 ───────────────┐
│ │
└─ [主语] he │
[谓语] could not go │
[状语] to sleep, one night │
[原因状语从句] because he heard a strange noise │
│ │
├─ [谓语] heard │
├─ [宾语] a strange noise │
└─ [现在分词短语作定语] coming from the bar
coming from the bar 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 noise，相当于定语从句 “which came from the bar”。
本句涉及语法术语：宾语从句 | 原因状语从句 | 现在分词 | 定语
S4: 并列句含过去完成时被动语态
The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved.
[时间状语] The next morning
[主句] he found that...
│ └────────────────── 宾语从句（并列）────────────────────┐
│ │
├─ 从句①：the doors had been blocked by chairs │
│ │ └────── 过去完成时被动语态 ────┘ │
│ │ │ │
│ [主语] the doors │ │
│ [谓语] had been blocked (先发生的动作) │ │
│ [施事] by chairs │ │
│ │
└─ 从句②：and the furniture had been moved │
│ └────── 过去完成时被动语态 ────┘
│
[主语] the furniture (不可数名词)
[谓语] had been moved
过去完成时被动语态结构：had + been + 过去分词
本句涉及语法术语：过去完成时 | 被动语态 | 宾语从句 | 并列句
S5: 让步状语从句含过去完成时
Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning.
[让步状语从句] Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed
│ └─────────────────┬──────────────────┘
│ 过去完成时（先于主句动作）
│
├─ [时间状语从句] before he went to bed
│ └─────────────┬──────────────┘
│ 一般过去时
│
[主句] they were on in the morning
│ └─────┬─────┘
│ 形容词作表语
│
[主语] they (指代 the lights)
[系动词] were
[表语] on (开着的)
时态对比：
- had turned (过去完成时) → 先发生（关灯）
- went (一般过去时) → 后发生（上床睡觉）
- were (一般过去时) → 主句动作（灯是开着的）
本句涉及语法术语：让步状语从句 | 过去完成时 | 时间状语从句 | 形容词
S6: 宾语从句含情态动词完成式
He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.
[主句] He also said that...
│ └────────────────── 宾语从句 ──────────────────────┐
│ │
├─ [主语] he │
├─ [谓语] had found (过去完成时) │
├─ [宾语] five empty whisky bottles (which...) │
│ │ │
│ └──── 定语从句 ─────┐ │
│ │ │
│ the ghost must have drunk │ │
│ └─────┬──────┘ │ │
│ 情态动词+完成式（对过去的推测） │ │
│ │ │
│ [主语] the ghost │ │
│ [谓语] must have drunk │ │
│ [时间状语] the night before │ │
must have drunk 是情态动词+完成式，表示对过去情况的肯定推测（鬼魂一定是喝了）。
本句涉及语法术语：宾语从句 | 定语从句 | 情态动词 | 过去完成时 | 情态动词完成式
S7: 时间状语从句含宾语从句
When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head.
[时间状语从句] When I suggested that...
│ └────────── 宾语从句 ───────────┐
│ │
│ some villagers must have come in │
│ └───────┬───────┘ │
│ 情态动词+完成式（对过去的推测） │
│ │
│ [目的状语] for a free drink │
[主句] Mr Thompson shook his head
[主语] Mr Thompson
[谓语] shook (不规则动词)
[宾语] his head
本句涉及语法术语：时间状语从句 | 宾语从句 | 情态动词完成式
S8: 宾语从句含让步状语从句
The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.
[主句] The villagers have told him that...
│ └───────────────── 宾语从句 ───────────────┐
│ │
├─ [主语] they │
├─ [谓语] will not accept (一般将来时) │
├─ [宾语] the inn │
│ │
└─ [让步状语从句] even if he gives it away │
│ └─────────┬─────────┘ │
│ 一般现在时表将来 │
│ │
[主语] he │
[谓语] gives away (短语动词) │
[宾语] it │
注意：even if 引导的让步状语从句中，用一般现在时 (gives) 代替一般将来时，这是条件/让步状语从句的”主将从现”规则。
本句涉及语法术语：宾语从句 | 让步状语从句 | 一般将来时 | 主将从现 | 短语动词
三、核心语法详解
3.1 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)
3.1.1 结构公式
肯定式：主语 + had + 过去分词 (P.P.)
否定式：主语 + had + not + 过去分词
疑问式：Had + 主语 + 过去分词?
被动式：主语 + had + been + 过去分词
3.1.2 时态含义
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即”过去的过去”。
时间轴：
过去完成时 ←── 过去某一时刻 ──→ 一般过去时
(先发生) (后发生)
关灯 上床睡觉 早上发现灯亮着
↓ ↓ ↓
had turned went to bed were on
3.1.3 本课实例详解
| 实例 | 含义 | 时序关系 |
|---|---|---|
| had been blocked | 门已被堵住 | 发生在 found 之前 |
| had been moved | 家具已被移动 | 发生在 found 之前 |
| had turned off | 已关掉灯 | 发生在 went to bed 之前 |
| had found | 已发现 | 发生在 said 之前 |
例句详解：
原文：Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed...
译文：虽然汤普森先生在上床睡觉前已经关掉了灯...
时序分析：
1. 先发生：had turned the lights off (关灯)
2. 后发生：went to bed (上床睡觉)
3.1.4 过去完成时 vs 一般过去时
| 时态 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去完成时 | 过去的过去，强调先后顺序 | When I arrived, the train had left. |
| 一般过去时 | 单纯描述过去发生的事件 | I arrived at the station. |
3.2 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
3.2.1 本课被动语态实例
| 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态（本课） |
|---|---|---|
| 一般过去时 | Mr Thompson bought the pub | The pub was bought by Mr Thompson |
| 过去完成时 | Chairs had blocked the doors | The doors had been blocked by chairs |
| 过去完成时 | Someone had moved the furniture | The furniture had been moved |
3.2.2 被动语态结构公式
be + 过去分词 (P.P.)
不同时态的被动语态：
- 一般现在时：am/is/are + P.P.
- 一般过去时：was/were + P.P.
- 现在完成时：have/has been + P.P.
- 过去完成时：had been + P.P.
- 一般将来时：will be + P.P.
3.2.3 被动语态的使用场景
- 强调受事者而非施事者
- The doors had been blocked. (强调门被堵这一结果)
- 施事者未知或不重要
- The furniture had been moved. (谁移动的不知道)
- 客观陈述
- A public house was recently bought… (强调酒吧被买)
3.3 情态动词+完成式 (Modal + Perfect)
3.3.1 结构公式
情态动词 + have + 过去分词
must have done → 一定做了（肯定推测）
might have done → 可能做了（不确定推测）
could have done → 本来能做（但未做）
should have done → 本该做（但未做）
3.3.2 本课核心用法：must have done
| 实例 | 含义 | 语境 |
|---|---|---|
| must have drunk | 一定是喝了 | 推测鬼魂喝了威士忌 |
| must have come in | 一定是进来了 | 推测村民进来喝酒 |
详细解析：
原文：...five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk...
译文：...五个一定是鬼魂喝了的空威士忌瓶子...
语法功能：表示说话人对过去情况的肯定推测
肯定程度：90%以上（非常确定）
推测依据：五个空瓶子（证据）
逻辑推理：瓶子空了 → 有人/鬼喝了 → 推测是鬼魂
3.3.3 must have done 时态对比
| 结构 | 时间参照 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must be | 现在 | He must be tired now. (他现在一定很累) |
| must have been | 过去 | He must have been tired yesterday. (他昨天一定很累) |
| must have done | 过去动作 | He must have finished the work. (他一定完成了工作) |
3.4 从句类型汇总
本课包含多种从句类型：
3.4.1 定语从句 (Attributive Clauses)
① A public house which was recently bought...
先行词：public house
关系代词：which (作主语)
② ...five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk...
先行词：bottles
关系代词：which (作宾语，可省略)
3.4.2 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses)
| 类型 | 从属连词 | 本课例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 原因状语从句 | because | …because it is haunted. |
| 原因状语从句 | because | …because he heard a strange noise… |
| 让步状语从句 | though | Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off… |
| 让步状语从句 | even if | …even if he gives it away. |
| 时间状语从句 | before | …before he went to bed. |
| 时间状语从句 | when | When I suggested that… |
3.4.3 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)
宾语从句：
① He told me that he could not go to sleep...
② ...he found that the doors had been blocked...
③ He also said that he had found...
④ When I suggested that some villagers must have come in...
⑤ The villagers have told him that they will not accept...
连接词：that (可省略的情况：本课均未省略)
四、时态综合运用
4.1 全文时态分布
时间轴：
过去 ──────────────────────────────────────────────→ 现在
│ │
├─ 买酒吧 (was bought) │
├─ 打算卖掉 (is going to sell) │
│ │
├─ 那天晚上发生的事件： │
│ - 无法入睡 (could not go to sleep) │
│ - 听到声音 (heard) │
│ - 关灯 (had turned off) ★过去完成时 │
│ - 上床睡觉 (went to bed) │
│ - 喝酒 (must have drunk) ★情态完成式 │
│ │
├─ 第二天早上发现： │
│ - 门被堵 (had been blocked) ★过去完成被动 │
│ - 家具被移 (had been moved) ★过去完成被动 │
│ - 发现瓶子 (had found) │
│ │
├─ 我建议时 (suggested) │
│ - 村民进来 (must have come) ★情态完成式 │
│ │
└─ 现在情况 (have told / will not accept) ──────────┘
4.2 时态对比表
| 时态 | 本课例句 | 功能 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般过去时 | He told me… | 叙述过去事件 |
| 过去完成时 | The doors had been blocked… | 过去的过去 |
| 过去完成时被动 | The furniture had been moved… | 过去的被动动作 |
| 情态+完成式 | …must have drunk… | 对过去的推测 |
| 过去将来时 | …would be presented… | 从过去看将来 |
| 一般将来时 | …will not accept… | 从现在看将来 |
| 现在完成时 | The villagers have told… | 过去对现在的影响 |
五、特殊语法现象
5.1 形容词化的过去分词
haunted (adj.) 闹鬼的
└── 来自 haunt (v.) 闹鬼 + -ed
本课用法：...because it is haunted.
因为它被闹鬼了/闹鬼的
类似词汇：
- interested 感兴趣的
- excited 兴奋的
- surprised 惊讶的
- frightened 害怕的
5.2 短语动词 (Phrasal Verbs)
| 短语 | 含义 | 本课例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be up for sale | 待售 | …is up for sale. |
| turn off | 关掉 | …had turned the lights off… |
| give away | 赠送 | …gives it away. |
| shake one’s head | 摇头 | …shook his head. |
| go to sleep | 入睡 | …go to sleep… |
5.3 分词作定语
coming from the bar
└── 现在分词短语作后置定语
= which came from the bar (定语从句)
功能：修饰 a strange noise
译文：从酒吧传来的奇怪声音
六、易错点警示
6.1 过去完成时的误用
❌ 错误：He said that he has found five bottles.
✅ 正确：He said that he had found five bottles.
规则：主句是过去时 (said)，从句需用相应的过去时态 (had found)。
6.2 被动语态的结构
❌ 错误：The doors had blocked by chairs.
✅ 正确：The doors had been blocked by chairs.
规则：过去完成时被动语态 = had + been + 过去分词
6.3 情态完成式的含义
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must have done | 一定做了（推测） | He must have drunk it. |
| should have done | 本该做（未做） | He should have drunk it. |
| could have done | 本可以做（未做） | He could have drunk it. |
6.4 even if 的时态
❌ 错误：…even if he will give it away.
✅ 正确：…even if he gives it away.
规则：even if 引导让步状语从句，用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。
七、语法术语速查
7.1 本课涉及的语法术语
- 过去完成时 | 被动语态 | 情态动词完成式
- 定语从句 | 原因状语从句 | 让步状语从句 | 时间状语从句
- 宾语从句 | 一般将来时 | 一般过去时
- 现在分词 | 过去分词 | 短语动词
- 主将从现 | 形容词 | 不可数名词
7.2 重点结构回顾
过去完成时：
├─ 主动：had + done
└─ 被动：had + been + done
情态动词+完成式：
└─ must have + done (对过去的肯定推测)
被动语态：
└─ be + done (根据时态变化 be 的形式)
文档生成时间：2026年4月
适用对象：新概念英语第二册学习者、四级备考学生