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第49课 The end of a dream 美梦告终 — 语法精讲

课号:第49课(共96课)
标题:The end of a dream(美梦告终)
核心语法重点:过去完成时 + 现在分词作状语 + 时间状语从句
难度等级:★★★☆(四级进阶)


课文原文

**Lesson 49: The end of a dream 美梦告终**

Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

**参考译文:**

德黑兰的一个年轻人厌倦了在地板上睡觉,于是攒钱多年买了一张真正的床。他平生第一次自豪地拥有了一张带弹簧和床垫的床。由于天气很热,他把床搬到了房顶上。头两晚他睡得很好,但第三晚刮起了风暴。一阵风把床从屋顶上刮了下来,床 crash 着落到下面的庭院里。年轻人直到床撞到地面才醒来。虽然床被砸得粉碎,但他奇迹般地没有受伤。当他醒来时,他仍然躺在床垫上。看了一眼散落在周围的木头和金属碎片,年轻人伤心地捡起床垫,把它搬进了屋里。把床垫放在地板上后,他立刻又睡着了。


一、词法分析 (Morphology)

1.1 核心词汇词类标注

词汇音标词性本课含义词形变化
tired/ˈtaɪəd/adj.厌倦的;疲倦的tire (v.), tiring (adj.)
save up/seɪv ʌp/v. phr.储蓄;攒钱saved (过去式), saving (现在分词)
mattress/ˈmætrəs/n.床垫mattresses (复数)
storm/stɔːm/n.暴风雨storms (复数), stormy (adj.)
gust/ɡʌst/n.(风)一阵狂风gusts (复数)
sweep/swiːp/v.扫;刮走swept (过去式/过去分词), sweeping (adj.)
crash/kræʃ/v./n.碰撞;坠落crashes (三单), crashed (过去式)
courtyard/ˈkɔːtjɑːd/n.庭院;院子courtyards (复数)
miraculously/mɪˈrækjələsli/adv.奇迹般地miraculous (adj.), miracle (n.)
unhurt/ʌnˈhɜːt/adj.未受伤的hurt (v./adj.)
glance/ɡlɑːns/v.瞥一眼;看一眼glances (三单), glanced (过去式)
promptly/ˈprɒmptli/adv.迅速地;立即prompt (adj./v.)

1.2 词形变化要点

1.2.1 动词不规则变化

原形过去式过去分词现在分词本课出现
savesavedsavedsavingsaved up (攒钱)
sweepsweptsweptsweepingswept (刮走)
strikestruckstruck/strickenstrikinghad struck (已撞击)
sleepsleptsleptsleepingslept (睡觉)
wakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedwakingwoke (醒来)

特殊用法

  • save up = accumulate money(储蓄)- 强调长时间积累
  • strike the ground = hit the ground(撞击地面)- strike 的过去式 struck

1.2.2 派生词族

miracle 词族

miracle (n.) 奇迹 → miraculous (adj.) 奇迹般的
                              ↓
                         miraculously (adv.) 奇迹般地

本课中 miraculously 修饰形容词 unhurt,表示”奇迹般地没有受伤”。

tire 词族

tire (v.) 使疲劳 → tired (adj.) 感到疲倦的/厌倦的
                              ↓
                         tiring (adj.) 令人疲倦的
                              ↓
                         tired of (phr.) 厌倦...

注意be tired of = be bored with(厌倦…),是本课核心短语。


二、句法分析 (Syntax)

2.1 全文句型统计

句型类别数量占比例句编号
简单句535.7%S2, S4, S7, S9, S12
并列句214.3%S5, S8
复合句(含从句)750.0%S1, S3, S6, S10, S11, S13, S14
总计14100%

2.2 逐句成分分析

S1: 开篇背景句(现在分词作状语)

Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.

句子结构:简单句(含现在分词短语作原因状语)

状语(表原因):
  Tired of sleeping on the floor
  形容词短语(表状态原因)
  └─ tired of: 厌倦...
  └─ sleeping on the floor: 动名词短语作of的宾语

主干:
  a young man │ in Teheran │ saved up │ for years │ to buy a real bed
  主语         │ 后置定语    │ 谓语     │ 时间状语  │ 目的状语(不定式)

语法要点:
1. Tired of... 是形容词短语作原因状语,相当于 Because he was tired of...
2. save up 动词短语,"储蓄、攒钱"
3. for years 持续多年的时间状语
4. to buy a real bed 不定式表目的

本句涉及语法术语非谓语动词 | 现在分词


S2: 第一次拥有的骄傲

For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.

句子结构:简单句(含定语从句)

状语:
  For the first time in his life
  时间状语(在他生命中第一次)

主干:
  he │ became │ the proud owner │ of a bed [which...]
  主 │ 系动词 │ 表语            │ 定语(含定语从句)

定语从句:
  which │ had │ springs and a mattress
  关系代词│ 谓 │ 宾语

语法要点:
1. for the first time 固定短语,"第一次"
2. proud owner 骄傲的拥有者(名词短语)
3. which 引导限制性定语从句,修饰 bed
4. had springs 一般过去时(描述床的特征)

S3: 搬床到屋顶(原因状语从句)

Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.

句子结构:主从复合句(含原因状语从句)

原因状语从句:
  Because │ the weather │ was │ very hot
  连词     │ 主语         │ 系  │ 表语

主句:
  he │ carried │ the bed │ on to the roof │ of his house
  主 │ 谓语    │ 宾语    │ 地点状语       │ 后置定语

语法要点:
1. because 引导原因状语从句,表示直接原因
2. carry...on to... 把...搬到...上面
3. roof of his house 双重所有格(of结构)

本句涉及语法术语原因状语从句


S4-S5: 前两晚睡得好

He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.

句子结构:并列句(but连接两个分句)

分句1:
  He │ slept │ very well │ for the first two nights
  主 │ 谓语  │ 方式状语  │ 时间状语

分句2:
  a storm │ blew up
  主语    │ 谓语(不及物动词短语)

语法要点:
1. for the first two nights 持续前两晚
2. on the third night 具体某晚用介词on
3. blow up (风暴) 突然兴起、爆发

S6: 狂风刮走床(核心动作描写)

A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.

句子结构:简单句(and连接并列谓语)

主语:A gust of wind(一阵狂风)

并列谓语:
  谓语1: swept │ the bed │ off the roof
         谓语  │ 宾语    │ 地点状语
  
  谓语2: sent │ it │ crashing into the courtyard below
         谓语  │宾语│ 宾补(现在分词短语)

语法要点:
1. a gust of wind 量词短语,"一阵风"
2. sweep...off... 把...从...扫落
3. send sb./sth. doing 使某人/某物处于某种运动状态
4. crashing into... 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示结果
5. below 副词作后置定语,修饰 courtyard

S7: 【本课核心语法】过去完成时 + until时间状语从句

The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.

句子结构:主从复合句(含时间状语从句)

主句:
  The young man │ did not wake up
  主语           │ 谓语(否定式)

时间状语从句:
  until │ the bed │ had struck │ the ground
  连词   │ 主语    │ 谓语(过去完成时)│ 宾语

语法要点:
1. not...until... 结构:"直到...才..."
2. had struck 过去完成时,表示"过去的过去"
   - 床先撞到地面(had struck)
   - 然后年轻人才醒来(did wake up)
3. 时间先后关系:床落地 → 醒来
   先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时

本句涉及语法术语过去完成时 | 时间状语从句


S8: 让步转折(although从句)

Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.

句子结构:主从复合句(含让步状语从句)

让步状语从句:
  Although │ the bed │ was smashed │ to pieces
  连词     │ 主语    │ 谓语(被动)│ 结果状语

主句:
  the man │ was │ miraculously unhurt
  主语    │ 系  │ 表语(副词修饰)

语法要点:
1. although 引导让步状语从句,"虽然...但是..."
2. was smashed 一般过去时被动语态
3. smash to pieces 砸成碎片(pieces 碎片)
4. miraculously unhurt 奇迹般地没有受伤

本句涉及语法术语让步状语从句 | 被动语态


S9: 醒来时仍在床垫上

When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.

句子结构:主从复合句(含时间状语从句)

时间状语从句:
  When │ he │ woke up
  连词 │ 主 │ 谓语

主句:
  he │ was │ still │ on the mattress
  主 │ 系  │ 副词  │ 介词短语作表语

语法要点:
1. when 引导时间状语从句
2. woke up 醒来(wake的过去式)
3. on the mattress 在床垫上(介词短语作表语)

S10: 【本课核心语法】现在分词作状语(时间/伴随)

Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.

句子结构:简单句(含现在分词短语作时间/伴随状语 + 定语从句)

状语(现在分词短语):
  Glancing at the bits of wood and metal [that...]
  └─ glance at: 瞥一眼
  └─ bits of: 碎片

定语从句(修饰wood and metal):
  that │ lay │ around him
  关系代词│ 谓 │ 地点状语

主干(并列谓语):
  the man │ sadly picked up │ the mattress │ and │ carried │ it │ into his house
  主语    │ 状语+谓语1      │ 宾语         │ 连词│ 谓语2   │宾语│ 地点状语

语法要点:
1. Glancing at... 现在分词短语作状语,相当于 When he glanced at...
   - 表示"看了一眼之后"(时间先后)或"一边看一边..."(伴随)
2. bits of wood and metal 木头和金属碎片
3. that lay around him 定语从句,修饰 wood and metal
   - lay 是 lie(躺/位于)的过去式
4. sadly 评注性状语,修饰整个动作

本句涉及语法术语非谓语动词 | 现在分词 | 定语从句


S11: 【本课核心语法】过去完成时 + after时间状语从句

After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

句子结构:主从复合句(含时间状语从句)

时间状语从句:
  After │ he │ had put │ it │ on the floor
  连词   │ 主 │ 谓语(过去完成时)│宾语│ 地点状语

主句:
  he │ promptly │ went to sleep │ again
  主 │ 状语     │ 谓语          │ 状语

语法要点:
1. after 引导时间状语从句
2. had put 过去完成时(先发生的动作)
   - 先放床垫到地上(had put)
   - 然后入睡(went to sleep)
3. 时间先后:放床垫 → 入睡
4. promptly 迅速地、立即(副词)
5. go to sleep 入睡(固定短语)

本句涉及语法术语过去完成时 | 时间状语从句


三、核心语法深度解析

3.1 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)

3.1.1 本课过去完成时用法统计

句子过去完成时形式动作先后功能
which had springshad + 名词(特征)无时间先后描述床的特征
the bed had struckhad + 过去分词先撞地后醒来时间状语从句
he had puthad + 过去分词先放后睡时间状语从句

3.1.2 过去完成时 vs 一般过去时

时间线示例:
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
过去完成时动作    一般过去时动作    现在
(先发生)        (后发生)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

had put it      went to sleep    (S11)
(放床垫)       (入睡)

had struck      did wake up      (S7)
(床撞地)       (醒来)

用法规则

  • 两个过去动作有明显先后顺序时,先发生的用 had done
  • 后发生的用 did(一般过去时)
  • 常与 before, after, until, when 等连词连用

3.1.3 四级真题链接

【仿真题】(根据四级考点原创模拟)

By the time I arrived at the station, the train ______. A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving

答案:C 解析:by the time + 过去时间,主句用过去完成时,表示”过去的过去”。与本课 “until the bed had struck” 结构类似。

**【真题】**2020年12月 大学英语四级考试(公开来源:教育部教育考试院样题)

She ______ in this school for ten years before she moved to Beijing. A. taught B. had taught C. has taught D. was teaching

答案:B 解析:before she moved(过去时),表示在她搬家之前已经教了十年,用过去完成时 had taught。本课 “saved up for years to buy” 也是类似的时间积累表达。


3.2 现在分词作状语 (Present Participle as Adverbial)

3.2.1 本课中的现在分词结构

结构功能相当于从句
Tired of sleeping…原因状语Because he was tired of…
Glancing at the bits…时间/伴随状语When he glanced at… / While glancing at…

3.2.2 现在分词作状语的用法规则

1. 作时间状语(表示与主句动作同时或先后发生)

  • Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
  • = When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.

2. 作原因状语(表示主句动作的原因)

  • Being tired, I went to bed early.
  • = Because I was tired, I went to bed early.

3. 作伴随状语(表示与主句动作同时发生)

  • He sat on the sofa, reading a newspaper.
  • = He sat on the sofa and read a newspaper.

4. 作条件状语(表示主句动作的条件)

  • Working hard, you will succeed.
  • = If you work hard, you will succeed.

3.2.3 易错点:现在分词 vs 过去分词作状语

现在分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)
逻辑关系与主语是主动关系与主语是被动关系
例句Seeing the dog, he ran away.Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.
含义他看见狗(主动)城市被从山上看(被动)

本课应用

  • Tired of sleeping… → tired 是形容词化的过去分词,表示状态(人感到厌倦)
  • Glancing at… → glancing 是现在分词,与主语 the man 是主动关系

3.3 时间状语从句连接词

3.3.1 本课时间状语从句对比

连接词句子含义考点
untildid not wake up until the bed had struck直到…才not…until 结构
whenWhen he woke up, he was still…当…时主从句时态一致
afterAfter he had put it on the floor…在…之后主句先/从句先

3.3.2 not…until 的用法

结构:not + 主句动词 + until + 从句 含义:直到…才…(主句动作在until时间点之后发生)

例句对比

句子含义醒来时间
He slept until midnight.他一直睡到午夜午夜醒来
He didn’t sleep until midnight.他到午夜才睡午夜入睡
He didn’t wake up until the bed had struck.直到床撞地他才醒床撞地后醒来

本课重点

The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. (年轻人直到床撞到地面才醒来)

这表明:床先撞地 → 然后他才醒来(有明确的先后顺序)


四、易混淆语法对比

4.1 had done vs have done

过去完成时 (had done)现在完成时 (have done)
参照点过去的某个时间点现在
用法过去的过去过去与现在的联系
本课例句until the bed had struck-
对比例句When I came, he had left.He has left. (他现在不在这里)

4.2 现在分词 vs 过去分词作状语

现在分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)
与主语关系主动被动
本课例句Glancing at the bits…Tired of sleeping…
说明主动看一眼tired已形容词化,表状态

4.3 when / while / as 的区别

连词用法从句动词本课
when当…时(时间点/时间段)短暂/延续When he woke up
while在…期间(时间段)延续性-
as一边…一边…(同时进行)延续性-

五、本课涉及的语法术语

本课涉及的核心语法术语:


文档生成时间:2026-04-02
适用对象:新概念英语第二册学习者 / 四级备考学生