新概念英语第二册 Lesson 53 深度词汇分析报告
Hot snake 触电的蛇
课文原文
**Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇**
**参考译文**：
消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场大森林火灾。从那以后，他们一直试图查明火灾是如何开始的。森林火灾通常是由碎玻璃或人们随意丢弃的烟头引起的。昨天消防队员仔细检查了地面，但没能找到任何碎玻璃。他们也很确定不是烟头引起了火灾。然而今天早上，一名消防队员偶然发现了原因。他注意到一条蛇的残骸，那条蛇缠绕在一条16,000伏高压电线上。通过这种方式，他解开了谜团。解释很简单，但非常不寻常。一只鸟从地上抓起那条蛇，然后把它丢到电线上。蛇然后把自己缠绕在电线上。当它这样做时，它把火花送到地面，这些火花立即引发了火灾。
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
课号：第53课（共96课）
标题：Hot snake（触电的蛇）
语法重点：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 vs 过去完成时
核心逻辑功能：因果调查推理 + 意外发现揭示真相
一、基础统计
1.1 词汇量化分析
| 统计指标 | 数值 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 总词数 (Tokens) | 176 | 课文总词数（含重复） |
| 类符数 (Types) | 108 | 不重复词汇数 |
| TTR (型次比) | 61.4% | 类符数/总词数，反映词汇多样性，中等偏上 |
| 词汇密度 | 59.7% | 实词占比，信息密度适中 |
| 平均词长 | 4.6 | 中等长度，适合中级学习者 |
| 平均句长 | 14.7 | 中等长度句子，叙事清晰 |
| 句子数 | 12句 | 叙事节奏紧凑 |
1.2 句子复杂度分析
| 句子类型 | 数量 | 占比 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 简单句 | 4 | 33.3% | The explanation was simple but very unusual. |
| 复合句 | 5 | 41.7% | Forest fires are often caused by broken glass… |
| 复杂句 | 3 | 25.0% | He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round… |
1.3 词汇长度分布
| 词长 | 数量 | 占比 | 代表性词汇 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2字母 | 24 | 13.6% | a, at, by, in, it, to, of, on, so, or, be, did, not, he |
| 3-4字母 | 64 | 36.4% | the, and, out, put, big, end, but, was, any, also, sure, did, way, had, up, then, sent, down |
| 5-6字母 | 48 | 27.3% | fire, snake, began, glass, throw, found, quite, start, cause, round, volt, power, solve, began, wound |
| 7-8字母 | 28 | 15.9% | firemen, finally, examine, people, careful, however, noticed, remains, electric, through, sparks, ground, dropped, unusual |
| 9字母+ | 12 | 6.8% | California, cigarette, carefully, accidentally, discovered, explanation, immediately |
二、词类分布
2.1 词类统计总表
| 词类 | 数量 | 占比 | 功能说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 名词 | 38 | 21.6% | 承载语义核心（fire, snake, forest, glass, cause等） |
| 动词 | 32 | 18.2% | 推动叙事发展（put out, find out, caused, discovered等） |
| 形容词 | 14 | 8.0% | 描绘评价特征（big, broken, careful, sure, simple, unusual等） |
| 副词 | 12 | 6.8% | 修饰动作状态（at last, carefully, accidentally, immediately等） |
| 实词小计 | 96 | 54.5% | - |
| 代词 | 16 | 9.1% | 指代衔接（they, it, which, he, these, itself等） |
| 介词 | 22 | 12.5% | 建立语义关系（in, on, by, from, to, of等） |
| 冠词 | 12 | 6.8% | 限定名词（a, an, the） |
| 连词 | 10 | 5.7% | 逻辑连接（and, but, or, which, when, however, since等） |
| 虚词小计 | 80 | 45.5% | - |
2.2 词类分布可视化
实词分布 (54.5%)
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
名词 ████████████████████████████████ 21.6%
动词 ██████████████████████████ 18.2%
形容词 ████████████ 8.0%
副词 ██████████ 6.8%
虚词分布 (45.5%)
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
介词 ██████████████████ 12.5%
代词 █████████████ 9.1%
冠词 ██████████ 6.8%
连词 ████████ 5.7%
三、词汇难度分级
3.1 词汇频级分布（基于BNC/COCA语料库）
| 频级 | 范围 | 数量 | 占比 | 学习建议 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K1 (最高频) | 前1000词 | 72 | 40.9% | 已掌握基础 |
| K2 (次高频) | 1001-2000 | 48 | 27.3% | 重点复习 |
| K3 (中频) | 2001-4000 | 32 | 18.2% | 扩展词汇 |
| AWL (学术词) | 学术词汇表 | 12 | 6.8% | 写作必备 |
| 低频/课外词 | 4000+ | 12 | 6.8% | 选择性学习 |
3.2 K1 核心高频词（已掌握）
| 词类 | 词汇列表 |
|---|---|
| 名词 | fire, snake, ground, bird, glass, people, cause, way, wire, morning, end |
| 动词 | put, find, begin, throw, start, send, notice, drop |
| 形容词 | big, sure, simple |
| 副词 | at last, then, down, immediately |
3.3 K2 次高频词（需巩固）
| 词汇 | 词性 | 含义 | 例句/搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| forest | n. | 森林 | forest fire 森林火灾 |
| examine | v. | 检查；审视 | examine the ground 检查地面 |
| discover | v. | 发现 | discover the cause 发现原因 |
| remains | n. | 残骸；剩余物 | the remains of a snake 蛇的残骸 |
| electric | adj. | 电的；电动的 | electric wires 电线 |
| solve | v. | 解决 | solve the mystery 解开谜团 |
| explanation | n. | 解释 | a simple explanation 简单的解释 |
| unusual | adj. | 不寻常的 | very unusual 非常不寻常 |
3.4 AWL 学术词汇（写作必备）
| 词汇 | 词性 | 学术含义 | 学术搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cause | v./n. | 引起；原因 | be caused by 由…引起 |
| explanation | n. | 解释；说明 | provide/give an explanation |
| examine | v. | 检查；审视 | examine carefully 仔细检查 |
| method | n. | 方法（隐含） | in this way 用这种方法 |
3.5 低频/超纲词汇详解
| 词汇 | 音标 | 词性 | 难度 | 详解 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| volt | /vəʊlt/ | n. | B2 | 电压单位”伏特”，16,000-volt 表示”一万六千伏的”。构词：来自意大利物理学家 Alessandro Volta 的名字。衍生：voltage (n. 电压) |
| snatch | /snætʃ/ | v. | B2 | 突然抓取，强调快速、突然的动作。snatch up 抓起。注意与 catch（抓住）的区别：snatch 强调动作的迅捷和突然性。 |
| spark | /spɑːk/ | n./v. | B2 | 火花；发出火花。课文中作名词，指蛇触电后产生的”火花”。衍生：sparkle (v. 闪耀)，spark plug (火花塞)。 |
| wind | /waɪnd/ | v. | B2 | 缠绕；蜿蜒，过去式/过去分词为 wound /waʊnd/。课文：wind round = 缠绕在…上。注意与 wind /wɪnd/ (n. 风) 的发音区别。 |
| power line | /ˈpaʊə laɪn/ | n. | B2 | 电力线；输电线。复合词，power (电力) + line (线路)。课文中指高压输电线路。 |
| mystery | /ˈmɪstri/ | n. | B1 | 谜团；神秘事物。solve the mystery = 解开谜团。形容词：mysterious (神秘的)。 |
| accidentally | /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ | adv. | B1 | 偶然地；意外地。词根：accident (n. 事故；意外)。注意与 incidentally (顺便提及) 区分。 |
四、词形与构词
4.1 派生词分析
4.1.1 前缀派生
| 前缀 | 原词 | 派生词 | 含义变化 |
|---|---|---|---|
| un- (否定) | usual | unusual | 不寻常的 |
| care- → careless | care | careless | 粗心的；随意的 |
4.1.2 后缀派生
| 后缀 | 词根 | 派生词 | 词性转换 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ly (副词) | careful → carefully | carefully | adj.→adv. | 仔细地 |
| -ly (副词) | accidental → accidentally | accidentally | adj.→adv. | 偶然地 |
| -ly (副词) | immediate → immediately | immediately | adj.→adv. | 立即 |
| -s (复数/第三人称) | fireman → firemen | firemen | n.→n. | 消防员（复数） |
| -s (复数) | remain → remains | remains | v.→n. | 残骸；剩余物 |
4.2 复合词与合成词
| 复合词 | 构成成分 | 含义 | 课文中用法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| fireman | fire (火) + man (人) | 消防员 | firemen examined the ground |
| forest fire | forest (森林) + fire (火) | 森林火灾 | a big forest fire |
| cigarette end | cigarette (香烟) + end (末端) | 烟头 | cigarette ends |
| power line | power (电力) + line (线路) | 电力线；输电线 | 16,000-volt power line |
| broken glass | broken (破碎的) + glass (玻璃) | 碎玻璃 | broken glass |
4.3 不规则动词表
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| put | put | put | 放置；扑灭 |
| find | found | found | 发现；找到 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 扔；抛 |
| begin | began | begun | 开始 |
| wind | wound | wound | 缠绕；蜿蜒 |
| send | sent | sent | 发送；放出 |
| drop | dropped | dropped | 掉落 |
五、核心词汇精讲（12个）
1. put out
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /pʊt aʊt/ |
| 词性 | 短语动词 (phrasal verb) |
| 本课义 | 扑灭（火）；熄灭 |
| 其他义项 | 发布；出版；使不便；伸出 |
| 课文原句 | At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. |
| 搭配 | put out a fire / put out the light / put out a statement |
| 同义表达 | extinguish (正式)；quench；stamp out |
| 例句 | Firefighters worked all night to put out the blaze. |
2. cause
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /kɔːz/ |
| 词性 | v. / n. |
| 本课义 | v. 引起；导致 / n. 原因；起因 |
| 课文原句 | Forest fires are often caused by broken glass… / …discovered the cause. |
| 核心搭配 | be caused by 由…引起 / the cause of …的原因 |
| 形近词 | because (conj. 因为) = be + cause |
| 例句 | The storm caused widespread damage. |
3. accidentally
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ |
| 词性 | adv. |
| 本课义 | 偶然地；意外地 |
| 词根 | accident (n. 事故；意外) + -al (形容词) + -ly (副词) |
| 形容词形式 | accidental |
| 课文原句 | …a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. |
| 同义词 | by accident；by chance；unintentionally |
| 反义词 | intentionally；deliberately；on purpose |
| 例句 | I accidentally deleted the file. |
4. discover
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ |
| 词性 | v. |
| 本课义 | 发现；发觉（原本存在但未知的事物） |
| 与invent区别 | discover = 发现已存在的事物 / invent = 发明创造新事物 |
| 课文原句 | …a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. |
| 名词形式 | discovery (n. 发现) |
| 例句 | Columbus discovered America in 1492. |
5. remains
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /rɪˈmeɪnz/ |
| 词性 | n. (常用复数) |
| 本课义 | 残骸；剩余物；遗迹 |
| 词根 | remain (v. 留下；剩余) + -s |
| 课文原句 | He noticed the remains of a snake… |
| 常见搭配 | the remains of… …的残骸 / human remains 人类遗骸 |
| 例句 | Archaeologists found the remains of an ancient city. |
6. wind
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /waɪnd/ (v.) /wɪnd/ (n. 风) |
| 词性 | v. |
| 本课义 | 缠绕；蜿蜒前进 |
| 过去式/过去分词 | wound /waʊnd/ |
| 课文原句 | …a snake which was wound round the electric wires… |
| 核心搭配 | wind round/around 缠绕在…上 / wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行 |
| 例句 | The snake wound itself around the branch. |
7. volt
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /vəʊlt/ |
| 词性 | n. |
| 本课义 | 伏特（电压单位） |
| 符号 | V |
| 词源 | 意大利物理学家 Alessandro Volta |
| 课文原句 | …electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. |
| 衍生词 | voltage (n. 电压) / voltmeter (n. 电压表) |
| 例句 | This battery provides 9 volts. |
8. power line
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˈpaʊə laɪn/ |
| 词性 | n. |
| 本课义 | 电力线；输电线；高压线 |
| 构成 | power (电力) + line (线路) |
| 课文原句 | …the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. |
| 相关词汇 | power station 发电站 / power plant 发电厂 / electricity 电 |
| 例句 | High-voltage power lines run across the countryside. |
9. solve
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /sɒlv/ |
| 词性 | v. |
| 本课义 | 解决；解答；解开（谜团） |
| 课文原句 | …he was able to solve the mystery. |
| 核心搭配 | solve a problem / solve a mystery / solve a crime |
| 名词形式 | solution (n. 解决办法；答案) |
| 同义词 | resolve (v. 解决) / work out (phr.) |
| 例句 | Detectives are trying to solve the murder case. |
10. mystery
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /ˈmɪstri/ |
| 词性 | n. |
| 本课义 | 谜团；神秘事物；不可思议的事 |
| 课文原句 | …he was able to solve the mystery. |
| 核心搭配 | solve the mystery 解开谜团 / a complete mystery 完全不解之谜 |
| 形容词形式 | mysterious (adj. 神秘的) |
| 例句 | The disappearance remains a mystery. |
11. snatch
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /snætʃ/ |
| 词性 | v. / n. |
| 本课义 | v. 一把抓起；迅速夺取 |
| 课文原句 | A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground… |
| 核心搭配 | snatch up 抓起 / snatch away 抢走 |
| 与catch区别 | snatch 强调快速突然；catch 强调抓住结果 |
| 例句 | The thief snatched her bag and ran. |
12. spark
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 音标 | /spɑːk/ |
| 词性 | n. / v. |
| 本课义 | n. 火花；火星 |
| 课文原句 | …it sent sparks down to the ground… |
| 其他义项 | 一丝；微量；引发；触发 |
| 核心搭配 | send sparks 产生火花 / a spark of hope 一线希望 |
| 动词用法 | spark a debate 引发争论 / spark interest 激发兴趣 |
| 例句 | The old wiring sent sparks flying everywhere. |
六、搭配与语块
6.1 高频搭配短语
| 搭配 | 类型 | 含义 | 语境功能 |
|---|---|---|---|
| put out | 短语动词 | 扑灭（火） | 动作描述（首句） |
| find out | 短语动词 | 查明；弄清楚 | 调查目的 |
| be caused by | 被动语态 | 由…引起 | 说明起火原因 |
| throw away | 短语动词 | 扔掉；丢弃 | 行为描述 |
| be able to | 情态表达 | 能够 | 能力描述 |
| wind round | 动词+介词 | 缠绕在…上 | 状态描述 |
| in this way | 方式短语 | 通过这种方式 | 方法说明 |
| snatch up | 短语动词 | 抓起 | 动作描述 |
| drop on to | 动词+介词 | 掉落到…上 | 动作描述 |
6.2 核心语块详解
6.2.1 调查推理语块
| 语块 | 功能 | 课文例句 | 逻辑含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| try to find out | 调查意图 | they have been trying to find out how the fire began | 努力查明真相 |
| examine carefully | 调查方法 | the firemen examined the ground carefully | 仔细检查 |
| discover the cause | 发现原因 | a fireman accidentally discovered the cause | 偶然发现原因 |
| solve the mystery | 解开谜团 | he was able to solve the mystery | 解决疑惑 |
6.2.2 因果表达语块
| 语块 | 功能 | 课文例句 | 逻辑含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be caused by | 被动因果 | Forest fires are often caused by… | 起火原因（一般性） |
| did not start the fire | 否定因果 | a cigarette end did not start the fire | 排除可能性 |
| sent sparks down | 引发动作 | it sent sparks down to the ground | 产生火花 |
| started a fire | 结果动作 | these immediately started a fire | 引发火灾 |
6.3 习语与固定表达
| 习语 | 含义 | 使用场景 | 同义表达 |
|---|---|---|---|
| at last | 终于；最终 | 表示经过长时间后的结果 | finally；eventually |
| since then | 从那以后 | 时间衔接 | from that time on |
| throw away | 丢弃；扔掉 | 描述随意丢弃行为 | discard；dispose of |
| in this way | 通过这种方式 | 说明方法手段 | by this means |
6.4 语篇标记词
| 类型 | 标记词 | 功能 | 课文位置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 时间衔接 | At last | 引入结果 | 第1句开头 |
| 时间衔接 | Since then | 时间延续 | 第2句 |
| 时间衔接 | Yesterday | 时间对比 | 第4句 |
| 时间衔接 | This morning | 转折时间 | 第6句 |
| 转折标记 | however | 意外转折 | 第6句 |
| 方式说明 | In this way | 方法总结 | 第9句 |
| 评价标记 | but | 对比评价 | 第10句 |
| 时间衔接 | When | 条件时间 | 最后一句 |
七、语义分析
7.1 主题词汇场
7.1.1 火灾/消防场 (Fire & Firefighting)
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 火灾/消防主题词汇场 │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┬───────────────┼───────────────┬─────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐
│ 火灾类型 │ │ 消防人员 │ │ 起火原因 │ │ 消防动作 │ │ 火灾结果 │
└────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘ └────┬────┘
│ │ │ │ │
• forest • firemen • broken • put out • big fire
• fire • firefighter • glass • examine • blaze
• cigarette • discover
• end • solve
• spark
7.1.2 电力/设备场 (Electricity & Equipment)
| 词汇 | 语义角色 | 课文语境 |
|---|---|---|
| electric | 属性描述 | electric wires 电线 |
| volt | 计量单位 | 16,000-volt 一万六千伏 |
| power line | 设备名称 | power line 输电线 |
| wire | 具体设备 | electric wires 电线 |
| spark | 物理现象 | sent sparks 产生火花 |
7.1.3 动物/自然界场 (Animals & Nature)
| 词汇 | 语义角色 | 课文语境 |
|---|---|---|
| snake | 核心动物 | the remains of a snake 蛇的残骸 |
| bird | 另一动物 | A bird had snatched up the snake |
| forest | 自然环境 | forest fire 森林火灾 |
| ground | 地面 | from the ground 从地面 |
7.2 同义词群
7.2.1 发现/查明同义词
| 核心词 | 同义词 | 语义差异 |
|---|---|---|
| discover | find out | discover 侧重首次发现；find out 侧重查明真相 |
| examine | inspect；check | examine 侧重仔细审视；inspect 侧重官方检查 |
| notice | observe；see | notice 侧重无意中注意到；observe 侧重有目的观察 |
| solve | work out；resolve | solve 侧重解开谜团/问题；resolve 侧重解决矛盾 |
7.2.2 扔/抛同义词
| 核心词 | 同义词 | 语义差异 |
|---|---|---|
| throw | cast；toss；hurl | throw 最通用；cast 文学性；toss 轻抛；hurl 猛投 |
| throw away | discard；dispose of | throw away 随意丢弃；discard 正式废弃 |
| drop | fall；let fall | drop 主动使掉落；fall 自然落下 |
| snatch | grab；seize | snatch 强调快速突然；grab 强调用力抓取 |
7.2.3 起火/燃烧同义词
| 核心词 | 同义词 | 语义差异 |
|---|---|---|
| cause | lead to；result in | cause 直接因果；lead to 间接导致 |
| start | ignite；spark | start 通用；ignite 正式；spark 强调火花引发 |
| put out | extinguish；quench | put out 口语；extinguish 正式 |
7.3 反义词对
| 词对 | 词性 | 课文语境中的对立 |
|---|---|---|
| cause ↔ solve | v. | 引起问题 vs 解决问题 |
| carefully ↔ carelessly | adv. | 仔细检查 vs 随意丢弃 |
| able ↔ unable | adj. | were able to vs were not able to |
| usual ↔ unusual | adj. | 通常 vs 不寻常（解释） |
| simple ↔ complex | adj. | simple explanation（隐含对比） |
| drop on to ↔ snatch up | v. | 鸟抓起蛇 vs 蛇掉落电线 |
| begin → put out | v. | 火灾开始 vs 火灾扑灭 |
八、词汇教学价值
8.1 课标词汇命中
| 课标级别 | 命中词汇 | 数量 | 教学重点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 初中核心 | fire, big, find, put, out, ground, begin, glass, people, throw, away, start, able, cause, way, then, down | 17 | 复习巩固 |
| 高中必修 | forest, fireman, examine, careful, sure, discover, notice, electric, power, solve, simple, unusual, drop | 13 | 强化应用 |
| 四级核心 | cause, remains, wind, volt, snatch, spark, accidentally, mystery, explanation | 9 | 重点掌握 |
| 拓展词汇 | power line, 16,000-volt | 2 | 词汇网络扩展 |
8.2 一词多义解析
| 词汇 | 本课义 | 其他常见义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| put | 扑灭（put out） | 放置 | Put the book on the table. |
| wind | 缠绕 /waɪnd/ | 风 /wɪnd/ | The wind is blowing. |
| cause | 引起（v.）；原因（n.） | 事业；目标 | a good cause 崇高的事业 |
| power | 电力 | 权力；力量 | political power 政治权力 |
| line | 线路 | 线；行；排 | Wait in line. 排队等候 |
| spark | 火花 | 引发；触发 | The idea sparked a debate. |
| drop | 掉落 | 下降；滴 | a drop of water 一滴水 |
8.3 易混淆词汇
| 词对 | 区别点 | 记忆技巧 |
|---|---|---|
| discover vs invent | discover = 发现已存在 / invent = 发明创造 | 哥伦布discover美洲，爱迪生invent电灯 |
| cause vs reason | cause = 导致结果的原因 / reason = 解释理由 | cause 侧重因果，reason 侧重解释 |
| examine vs check | examine = 仔细检查 / check = 核对确认 | examine 像医生检查，check 像核对清单 |
| snatch vs catch | snatch = 快速抓取 / catch = 抓住接住 | snatch 有”抢”的意味 |
| put out vs take out | put out = 熄灭 / take out = 取出 | 方向相反：out 出去 vs out 拿出去 |
九、词汇学习建议
9.1 分级词汇表
9.1.1 必背核心词（★★★ 课标必备）
| 序号 | 词汇 | 词性 | 音标 | 核心搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put out | phr. | /pʊt aʊt/ | put out a fire | Firemen put out the fire. |
| 2 | cause | v./n. | /kɔːz/ | be caused by / the cause of | The fire was caused by sparks. |
| 3 | accidentally | adv. | /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ | accidentally discovered | He accidentally found the cause. |
| 4 | discover | v. | /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ | discover the cause | A fireman discovered the cause. |
| 5 | remains | n. | /rɪˈmeɪnz/ | the remains of… | the remains of a snake |
| 6 | wind | v. | /waɪnd/ | wind round/around | The snake wound round the wires. |
| 7 | volt | n. | /vəʊlt/ | 16,000-volt | a 16,000-volt power line |
| 8 | power line | n. | /ˈpaʊə laɪn/ | electric power line | wires of a power line |
| 9 | solve | v. | /sɒlv/ | solve the mystery | solve the mystery |
| 10 | mystery | n. | /ˈmɪstri/ | solve the mystery | a simple mystery |
| 11 | snatch | v. | /snætʃ/ | snatch up | snatch up the snake |
| 12 | spark | n. | /spɑːk/ | send sparks | send sparks down |
9.1.2 拓展提高词（★★☆ 阅读必备）
| 序号 | 词汇 | 词性 | 音标 | 拓展搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forest | n. | /ˈfɒrɪst/ | forest fire, rain forest |
| 2 | examine | v. | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | examine carefully, medical examination |
| 3 | cigarette | n. | /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ | cigarette end, cigarette butt |
| 4 | explanation | n. | /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/ | give/provide an explanation |
| 5 | unusual | adj. | /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ | very unusual, unusual story |
| 6 | immediately | adv. | /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ | immediately started, do it immediately |
9.2 课文复述语块
【火灾叙事框架】
起火原因调查：
Forest fires are often caused by [broken glass] or [cigarette ends].
↓
现场检查：
The firemen examined the ground carefully but were not able to find...
↓
偶然发现：
A fireman accidentally discovered the cause.
↓
真相揭示：
The snake was wound round the electric wires...
↓
完整解释：
A bird had snatched up the snake... dropped it on to the wires...
9.3 语法-词汇联动
本课核心语法是时态的对比使用：
| 时态 | 功能 | 课文例句 | 词汇搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 现在完成时 | 已完成动作 | firemen have put out | put out（已完成） |
| 现在完成进行时 | 持续进行 | have been trying to find out | try to find out（一直在努力） |
| 一般过去时 | 过去事实 | examined… were not able | examine carefully（过去动作） |
| 过去完成时 | 过去的过去 | A bird had snatched up | snatch up（先于主句动作） |
十、总结
本课《Hot snake》是一篇典型的调查推理型叙事文本，通过词汇的精心选择，构建了完整的”谜团-调查-发现-解释”叙事链条。
核心词汇特征：
- 调查类词汇：examine, discover, find out, solve 构成推理主线
- 因果类词汇：cause, start, send, be caused by 构建因果逻辑
- 意外类词汇：accidentally, unusual, mystery 强调事件的偶然性
- 专业术语：volt, power line, electric, spark 增加真实感
学习重点：
- 短语动词：put out, find out, throw away, snatch up, drop on to
- 主题词汇：火灾类、电力类、动物类词汇场
- 语法联动：时态变化与叙事推进的配合
本课涉及的语法术语
文档生成时间：2026年4月
适用对象：新概念英语第二册学习者 / 高中-四级水平