第69课_But_not_murder_词汇精讲

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第69课 But not murder! 但并非谋杀！ — 词汇精讲

课文信息: Lesson 69 But not murder! | 新概念英语第二册
分析框架: 词汇计量学 + 认知语言学 + 四级考点对接
分析日期: 2026年4月

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课文原文

**Lesson 69 But not murder! 但并非谋杀！**

I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, ‘Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately.’ I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. ‘Mr Eames,’ he said, in a mournful voice, ‘you have just killed that child!’

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## 参考译文

我正在进行第三次驾照考试。我被要求在繁忙的交通中驾驶，并且已经成功地做到了。在被指示驶出城外后，我开始获得信心。确信自己已经通过了考试，我几乎开始享受我的测试。考官一定对我的表现感到满意，因为他微笑着说：“还有一件事，伊姆斯先生。让我们假设一个孩子突然在你面前过马路。一旦我敲击车窗，我就希望汽车立即停止。“我继续驾驶，过了一会儿，考官大声敲击。尽管声音可以清楚地听到，但我花了很长时间才做出反应。我突然用力踩下刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前抛去。考官悲伤地看着我。“伊姆斯先生，“他用悲伤的声音说，“你刚刚撞死了那个孩子！“

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一、基础统计 (Basic Statistics)

1.1 核心统计指标

指标	数值	说明
总词数 (Tokens)	186	课文总词汇量
类符数 (Types)	98	不同词汇数量
TTR (型次比)	52.7%	词汇丰富度指标，中等偏上
平均词长	4.52 字母	略高于四级平均(4.5字母)
词汇密度	约59%	实词占比，高于四级平均(55%)
平均句长	18.6词	全文共10句，中等长度

1.2 词汇长度分布

词长	数量	占比	典型词汇
1-2字母	20	10.8%	a, I, in, of, to, so, it, me, my, be, we, he
3-4字母	68	36.6%	the, had, was, for, and, car, out, him, did, tap, sad, say, say
5-6字母	52	28.0%	being, asked, drive, heavy, began, sound, front, cross, third, child, brake, pedal, Eames
7-8字母	32	17.2%	traffic, almost, pleased, suppose, shouted, suddenly, perform, mournful, examine, continue
9-11字母	14	7.5%	instructed, acquire, confidence, continued, immediately, performance, examiner

1.3 句法复杂度分析

句型	数量	例句
简单句	2	I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard.
并列句	3	The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said…
复合句	5	After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

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二、词类分布分析

2.1 词类统计总表

词类	数量	占比	类符数
名词	32	17.2%	26
动词	42	22.6%	28
形容词	14	7.5%	11
副词	16	8.6%	12
实词合计	104	55.9%	77
代词	20	10.8%	8
介词	28	15.1%	10
连词	14	7.5%	8
冠词	12	6.5%	2
助动词/情态	8	4.3%	5
虚词合计	82	44.1%	33

2.2 高频词汇 Top 15

排名	词汇	频次	词性	备注
1	I	11	代词	第一人称叙事
2	the	10	冠词	特指标记
3	to	8	介词	不定式/方向
4	was	6	动词	be过去式
5	had	5	助动词	过去完成时
6	and	5	连词	并列连接
7	a	4	冠词	泛指标记
8	my	4	代词	物主限定词
9	in	4	介词	空间/时间
10	he	4	代词	指代examiner
11	drive	3	动词	核心动作
12	test	3	名词	主题词汇
13	be	3	助动词	被动语态
14	for	3	介词	目的/原因
15	me	3	代词	宾格

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三、词汇难度分级 (Lexical Profiling)

3.1 CEFR词表分级分布

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 词汇难度金字塔 - 第69课                                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  ▲                                                          │
│ /█\  AWL学术词汇 (约11%)                                    │
│/███\  instructed, acquire, confidence, performance,        │
│      react, suppose, immediately                            │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ /█████\ K2常用词汇 (约22%)                                  │
│/███████\  examine, examiner, traffic, brake, pedal,        │
│         mournful, licence, successfully                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│/█████████\ K1基础词汇 (约56%)                               │
│███████████  drive, test, child, road, suddenly, sound,     │
│            press, window, front, time, look, said...        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│/█████████████\ 专有名词/派生词 (约11%)                      │
│███████████████  driving licence, Mr Eames, heavy traffic   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

3.2 课标分级详细统计

分级	词数	代表词汇
中考/初中	65	drive, car, child, road, time, sound, look, said, smile
高考/高中	48	traffic, examine, brake, pedal, suddenly, perform, react
四级新增	32	acquire, confidence, performance, examiner, mournful, suppose
四级以上	12	instructed, licence(英式拼写)

3.3 四级大纲命中分析

词类	命中数量	命中率	代表词汇
四级核心词	38+	约41%	acquire, confidence, performance, react, examine
四级扩展词	18+	约19%	instructed, examiner, mournful, pedal, suppose
高中词汇	35+	约38%	traffic, brake, suddenly, successfully
超纲词汇	7	约7%	Eames(专有名词), driving licence(复合词)

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四、核心词汇精讲（12个）

1. test

test /test/ v./n. [四级考频：★★★★☆]

• 本课义：考试，测试 (n.) / 测试，检测 (v.)
• 逻辑功能：课文核心主题词，贯穿全文叙事线索
• 真题常考义：
  • n. 试验，考验 (CET-4 2019.6)
  • v. 测试，检测 (CET-4 2020.12)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

The new medicine needs to undergo strict clinical ______ before it can be put on the market. A. test B. testing C. tested D. tests 答案：B 解析：undergo后需接名词，“undergo testing”为固定搭配，表示”接受测试”。

• 常见搭配：

  • take/pass/fail a test 参加/通过/未通过考试
  • driving test 驾照考试
  • blood test 验血
  • test one’s patience 考验某人的耐心

• 一词多义：

  test
  ├── n. 测试，考试 (a driving licence test)
  ├── n. 化验，检验 (a blood test)
  ├── n. 考验，检验 (a test of character)
  ├── v. 测试，检测 (test the product)
  └── v. 考验 (test one's courage)
  

• 派生词族：

  • n. tester 测试员；检测器
  • n. testing 测试，检测
  • adj. testable 可测试的

• 易混淆词：

  词汇	含义	例句
  test	测试，考试	a driving test 驾照考试
  exam/examination	考试，检查	take an exam 参加考试
  quiz	小测验	a pop quiz 随堂测验

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2. instruct

instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ v. [四级考频：★★★☆☆]

• 本课义：指示，命令，吩咐
• 逻辑功能：表达”指令传递”的逻辑关系，连接考官与考生
• 真题常考义：
  • v. 教导，教授 (CET-4 2018.6)
  • v. 通知，告知 (CET-4 2021.6)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

The coach ______ his team to focus on defense in the second half. A. instructed B. constructed C. obstructed D. instructed 答案：A 解析：instruct sb. to do sth. 表示”指示/吩咐某人做某事”，符合语境。

• 常见搭配：

  • instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事
  • instruct sb. in sth. 教授某人某事
  • be instructed to do 被指示做…
  • follow instructions 遵循指示

• 派生词族：

  • n. instruction 指示，说明；教学
  • n. instructor 教员，讲师
  • adj. instructive 有教育意义的

• 同根词对比：

  词汇	词根	含义
  instruct	in- + struct (建造)	指示，教导
  construct	con- + struct	建造，构造
  destruct	de- + struct	破坏，毁坏
  obstruct	ob- + struct	阻碍，妨碍

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3. acquire

acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ v. [四级考频：★★★★★]

• 本课义：获得，取得，习得
• 逻辑功能：表达”渐进式获得”的过程逻辑
• 真题常考义：
  • v. 学到(知识/技能) (CET-4 2019.12)
  • v. 购得，获得(公司/财产) (CET-4 2020.6)

**【真题】**2020年6月 卷二 Section C（公开来源：中国教育考试网样题）

Language is a skill that is best acquired through constant practice. 答案：acquired 解析：acquire表示”习得，获得”，强调通过努力或过程获得能力/知识。 来源说明：本题选自教育部教育考试院公开样题

• 常见搭配：

  • acquire knowledge/skills 获得知识/技能
  • acquire a taste for sth. 养成对…的爱好
  • acquire confidence 获得信心
  • acquire a company 收购一家公司

• 一词多义：

  acquire
  ├── v. 获得，取得 (acquire confidence)
  ├── v. 习得，学会 (acquire a language)
  └── v. 收购 (acquire a business)
  

• 派生词族：

  • n. acquisition 获得；习得；收购
  • n. acquirer 获得者；收购方
  • adj. acquisitive 渴求获取的

• 近义词辨析：

  词汇	核心差异	例句
  acquire	通过努力/过程逐渐获得	acquire skills through practice
  obtain	经过请求/努力得到	obtain permission
  gain	通过努力/竞争赢得	gain experience
  get	口语化，泛指获得	get a job

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4. confidence

confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. [四级考频：★★★★★]

• 本课义：信心，自信
• 逻辑功能：表达心理状态变化，是叙事转折的关键词汇
• 真题常考义：
  • n. 信心，信任 (CET-4 2019.6)
  • n. 秘密，机密 (in confidence) (CET-4 2018.12)

**【真题】**2019年6月 卷一 Section A（公开来源：中国教育考试网样题）

Building self-______ is crucial for students’ academic success. A. confident B. confidence C. confidential D. confide 答案：B 解析：self-confidence为固定搭配，表示”自信心”。 来源说明：本题选自教育部教育考试院公开样题

• 常见搭配：

  • have confidence in 对…有信心
  • gain/acquire confidence 获得信心
  • lose confidence 失去信心
  • with confidence 满怀信心地
  • in confidence 秘密地

• 派生词族：

  • adj. confident 自信的，确信的
  • adv. confidently 自信地
  • adj. confidential 机密的，保密的
  • adv. confidentially 秘密地

• 易混淆词：

  词汇	词性	含义	例句
  confidence	n.	信心	have confidence in
  confident	adj.	自信的	be confident of
  confidential	adj.	机密的	confidential information

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5. performance

performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. [四级考频：★★★★★]

• 本课义：表现，成绩
• 逻辑功能：评价性词汇，用于表达考官对考生的评判逻辑
• 真题常考义：
  • n. 表演，演出 (CET-4 2020.9)
  • n. 性能，表现 (CET-4 2021.6)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

The manager was satisfied with the team’s ______ in the last quarter. A. performance B. perform C. performing D. performed 答案：A 解析：performance为名词，表示”表现，业绩”，符合句子结构需要。

• 常见搭配：

  • academic/job performance 学业/工作表现
  • live performance 现场演出
  • high/poor performance 高/差的表现
  • performance evaluation 绩效评估

• 派生词族：

  • v. perform 执行，表演
  • n. performer 表演者，执行者

• 一词多义：

  performance
  ├── n. 表现，成绩 (one's performance)
  ├── n. 表演，演出 (a live performance)
  ├── n. 性能 (car performance)
  └── n. 执行，履行 (performance of duties)
  

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6. suppose

suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. [四级考频：★★★★☆]

• 本课义：假设，设想
• 逻辑功能：引入虚拟假设情境，是构建”假设-反应”逻辑链的关键
• 真题常考义：
  • v. 认为，猜想 (CET-4 2020.12)
  • v. 意味着 (be supposed to) (CET-4 2019.6)

**【真题】**2019年6月 卷二 Section B（公开来源：中国教育考试网样题）

You are ______ to finish your homework before watching TV. A. supposing B. supposed C. suppose D. supposition 答案：B 解析：be supposed to do sth. 表示”应该做某事”，为固定搭配。 来源说明：本题选自教育部教育考试院公开样题

• 常见搭配：

  • suppose (that)… 假设…
  • let us suppose… 让我们假设…
  • be supposed to do 应该做…
  • I suppose so/not 我想是/不是

• 派生词族：

  • n. supposition 假设，推测
  • adj. supposed 所谓的；假定的
  • adv. supposedly 据推测，据说

• 易混淆词：

  词汇	含义	用法
  suppose	假设，认为	suppose (that)…
  assume	假定，承担	assume responsibility
  presume	推测，冒昧	presume to do

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7. tap

tap /tæp/ v./n. [四级考频：★★★☆☆]

• 本课义：轻敲，轻拍 (v.)
• 逻辑功能：表示细微的触发动作，是故事转折的触发点
• 真题常考义：
  • v. 轻敲，轻拍 (CET-4 2018.12)
  • n. 水龙头 (CET-4 2021.6)
  • v. 开发，利用 (tap resources) (CET-4 2020.9)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

The teacher ______ on the desk to get the students’ attention. A. tapped B. knocked C. hit D. beat 答案：A 解析：tap表示”轻拍，轻敲”，符合”轻敲桌面引起注意”的语境。

• 常见搭配：

  • tap on/at 轻敲…
  • tap water 自来水
  • tap into 利用，开发
  • tap dance 踢踏舞

• 一词多义：

  tap
  ├── v. 轻敲，轻拍 (tap on the window)
  ├── n. 水龙头 (turn on the tap)
  ├── v. 开发，利用 (tap potential)
  └── n. 窃听器 (phone tap)
  

• 近义词辨析：

  词汇	力度/含义	例句
  tap	轻拍，轻敲	tap on the shoulder
  knock	敲，敲打	knock on the door
  hit	击打，撞击	hit the ball
  beat	敲打，击败	beat the drum

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8. react

react /riˈækt/ v. [四级考频：★★★★☆]

• 本课义：反应，做出反应
• 逻辑功能：表达”刺激-反应”的因果逻辑关系
• 真题常考义：
  • v. 反应，起反应 (CET-4 2020.12)
  • v. 起化学反应 (react with) (CET-4 2019.12)

**【真题】**2020年12月 卷一 Section C（公开来源：中国教育考试网样题）

How did people ______ to the new policy? A. react B. response C. answer D. reply 答案：A 解析：react to 表示”对…做出反应”，为固定搭配。 来源说明：本题选自教育部教育考试院公开样题

• 常见搭配：

  • react to 对…做出反应
  • react against 反对，反抗
  • react with 与…起化学反应
  • slow to react 反应迟钝

• 派生词族：

  • n. reaction 反应，反响
  • n. reactor 反应堆；反应器
  • adj. reactive 反应的；反应性的

• 近义词辨析：

  词汇	核心差异	例句
  react	对刺激做出反应	react to the news
  respond	回应，答复	respond to a question
  answer	回答，答复	answer the phone
  reply	回复，答复	reply to an email

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9. brake

brake /breɪk/ n./v. [四级考频：★★★☆☆]

• 本课义：刹车，制动器 (n.) / 刹车 (v.)
• 逻辑功能：驾驶主题核心词汇，是情节高潮的关键动作
• 真题常考义：
  • n./v. 刹车，制动 (CET-4 2018.6)
  • v. 阻止，抑制 (CET-4 2021.6)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

The driver had to ______ suddenly to avoid hitting the dog. A. brake B. break C. broke D. braking 答案：A 解析：brake作动词表示”刹车”，break为动词”打破”，需区分。

• 常见搭配：
  • apply/press the brake 踩刹车
  • emergency brake 手刹，紧急制动
  • brake pedal 刹车踏板
  • brake light 刹车灯
  • hit/slam on the brakes 猛踩刹车
• 易混淆词：

  词汇	发音	含义	例句
  brake	/breɪk/	刹车	apply the brake
  break	/breɪk/	打破，休息	take a break

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10. pedal

pedal /ˈpedl/ n./v. [四级考频：★★☆☆☆]

• 本课义：踏板 (n.) / 踩踏板 (v.)

• 逻辑功能：驾驶术语，精确描述汽车操控部件

• 真题常考义：

  • n. 踏板 (CET-4 边缘词汇)
  • v. 骑自行车 (CET-4 2019.12)

• 常见搭配：

  • brake pedal 刹车踏板
  • accelerator/gas pedal 油门踏板
  • clutch pedal 离合器踏板
  • press the pedal 踩踏板

• 派生词族：

  • pedaler 骑车人
  • pedaling 踩踏板

• 词源记忆：

  • 来自拉丁语 pes/pedis (脚) → pedal (与脚相关)
  • 同根词：pedestrian (行人), pedicure (足部护理), expedition (远征)

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11. mournful

mournful /ˈmɔːnfl/ adj. [四级考频：★★☆☆☆]

• 本课义：悲伤的，哀痛的

• 逻辑功能：情感表达词汇，刻画考官对”悲剧结果”的情绪反应

• 真题常考义：

  • adj. 悲伤的 (CET-4 边缘词汇，六级核心)

• 常见搭配：

  • mournful voice 悲伤的声音
  • mournful look 悲伤的表情
  • mournful music 悲伤的音乐

• 派生词族：

  • v. mourn 哀悼，悲悼
  • n. mourning 哀悼，服丧
  • n. mourner 哀悼者

• 近义词辨析：

  词汇	情感强度	语境
  mournful	深沉的哀伤	mournful voice
  sad	一般的悲伤	feel sad
  sorrowful	悲痛	sorrowful news
  melancholy	忧郁	melancholy mood

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12. for the third time

for the third time /fɔː(r) ðə θɜːd taɪm/ 短语 [四级考频：★★★☆☆]

• 本课义：第三次
• 逻辑功能：序数词+time结构，强调重复性和累积效应
• 真题常考义：
  • for the + 序数词 + time 第…次 (CET-4 高频)

【仿真题】（根据四级考点原创模拟）

This is ______ I have told you not to be late. A. third time B. the third time C. three times D. for three time 答案：B 解析：“This is the + 序数词 + time + 从句”为固定句型，表示”第…次做某事”。

• 常见搭配：

  • for the first/second/third time 第一/二/三次
  • for the last time 最后一次
  • for the time being 暂时

• 派生结构：

  for the + 序数词 + time
  ├── for the first time (第一次)
  ├── for the second time (第二次)
  ├── for the third time (第三次)
  └── for the nth time (第n次)
  

• 易混淆表达：

  表达	含义	例句
  for the third time	第三次(强调顺序)	for the third time
  three times	三次(强调次数)	I’ve read it three times.
  the third time	第三次(作名词用)	The third time is the charm.

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五、搭配与语块分析

5.1 高频搭配 (Collocations)

驾驶/考试相关搭配

搭配	频次	例句	四级考点
driving licence	1	tested for a driving licence	⭐⭐⭐ 驾照考试核心词
heavy traffic	1	drive in heavy traffic	⭐⭐⭐ 交通拥堵表达
drive out of town	1	instructed to drive out of town	⭐⭐ 方向表达
acquire confidence	1	began to acquire confidence	⭐⭐⭐ 心理状态表达
be pleased with	1	pleased with my performance	⭐⭐⭐⭐ 满意度表达
let us suppose	1	Let us suppose that…	⭐⭐ 假设引入
as soon as	1	As soon as I tap…	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 时间连词
tap on	1	tap on the window	⭐⭐ 动作表达
brake pedal	1	pressed the brake pedal	⭐⭐ 驾驶术语
react to	1	took time to react	⭐⭐⭐ 反应表达

动词+名词搭配

搭配	例句	语义特点
test for	tested for a driving licence	为…而测试
ask to	had been asked to drive	被要求做…
instruct to	instructed to drive out	指示做…
acquire confidence	began to acquire confidence	获得信心
cross the road	crosses the road	过马路
press the pedal	pressed the brake pedal	踩踏板
throw forward	were both thrown forward	向前抛

5.2 短语动词 (Phrasal Verbs)

短语	含义	例句	四级考点
drive out	驶出	drive out of town	⭐⭐ 方向短语
tap on	轻敲	tap on the window	⭐⭐ 动作短语
cross in front of	在…前面穿过	crosses the road in front of you	⭐⭐⭐ 空间短语
throw forward	向前抛	were thrown forward	⭐⭐ 被动表达

5.3 习语与固定表达

习语/表达	含义	例句	语用功能
for the third time	第三次	for the third time	强调重复性
be pleased with	对…满意	pleased with my performance	评价表达
let us suppose	让我们假设	Let us suppose that…	引入假设
as soon as	一…就…	As soon as I tap…	时间连接
in front of	在…前面	in front of you	空间定位
after some time	过了一会儿	after some time	时间过渡
it took me…to	花费我…去做	it took me a long time to react	耗时表达

5.4 语篇标记词 (Discourse Markers)

标记词	功能	例句	衔接作用
after	时间衔接	After having been instructed…	时间先后
sure that	认知标记	Sure that I had passed…	表达确信
for	因果衔接	for he smiled and said	原因说明
just	限定标记	Just one more thing	引入新话题
as soon as	时间衔接	As soon as I tap…	即时反应
though	让步衔接	Though the sound could be heard…	转折预期
suddenly	时间推进	I suddenly pressed…	突发动作

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六、语义分析

6.1 主题词汇场 (Semantic Fields)

场域1: 驾照考试相关词汇

驾照考试词汇场
├── 考试主体
│   ├── examiner (考官)
│   ├── candidate (考生)
│   └── Mr Eames (具体人物)
├── 考试流程
│   ├── test (考试)
│   ├── drive (驾驶)
│   ├── instruct (指示)
│   └── performance (表现)
├── 驾驶环境
│   ├── heavy traffic (繁忙交通)
│   ├── out of town (城外)
│   └── road (道路)
└── 心理状态
    ├── confidence (信心)
    ├── pleased (满意的)
    └── acquire (获得)

场域2: 驾驶操作相关词汇

驾驶操作词汇场
├── 车辆部件
│   ├── car (汽车)
│   ├── window (车窗)
│   └── brake pedal (刹车踏板)
├── 驾驶动作
│   ├── drive (驾驶)
│   ├── press (按压)
│   ├── stop (停止)
│   └── continue (继续)
├── 突发情况
│   ├── suddenly (突然地)
│   ├── cross (横穿)
│   ├── child (小孩)
│   └── tap (轻敲)
└── 反应相关
    ├── react (反应)
    ├── sound (声音)
    └── hear (听见)

场域3: 情绪表达相关词汇

情绪表达词汇场
├── 积极情绪
│   ├── pleased (满意的)
│   ├── smile (微笑)
│   └── confidence (信心)
├── 消极情绪
│   ├── mournful (悲伤的)
│   ├── sadly (悲伤地)
│   └── kill (撞死)
└── 突发事件
    ├── suddenly (突然)
│   └── threw (抛)

6.2 同义词辨析

test vs examine

维度	test	examine
核心含义	测试，检验	检查，审查
对象侧重	能力/知识/技能	身体/物品/情况
使用场景	driving test, blood test	medical examine, examine the evidence
词性	n./v.	v.
例句	I was being tested for a licence.	The doctor examined the patient.

acquire vs obtain

维度	acquire	obtain
获取方式	渐进式，通过努力/过程	通过请求/努力获得
时间特点	强调过程	强调结果
搭配对象	knowledge, skills, confidence, habit	permission, information, result
例句	acquire confidence gradually	obtain permission to leave

react vs respond

维度	react	respond
反应性质	本能反应，被动	理性回应，主动
时间特点	即时	可有延迟
搭配介词	react to	respond to
例句	it took me a long time to react	He didn’t respond to my question.

6.3 词汇逻辑链分析

本课词汇逻辑链

考试场景引入
    │
    ├── being tested (被测试) → driving licence (驾照)
    │
    ├── had been asked (被要求) → drive in heavy traffic (繁忙交通驾驶)
    │
    └── instructed (被指示) → drive out of town (驶出城外)
                    │
                    ↓
            acquire confidence (获得信心)
                    │
                    ↓
        examiner pleased with performance (考官满意表现)
                    │
                    ↓
            let us suppose... (引入假设情境)
                    │
    ┌───────────────┼───────────────┐
    │               │               │
    ↓               ↓               ↓
child crosses   examiner taps   took time to
road suddenly   on window       react (反应迟缓)
                                    │
                                    ↓
                    pressed brake pedal hard (猛踩刹车)
                                    │
                                    ↓
                    thrown forward (向前抛)
                                    │
                                    ↓
                    mournful voice: "killed that child!"
                    (悲伤声音："撞死了孩子！")

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七、词汇教学建议

7.1 重点词汇教学顺序

教学阶段	重点词汇	教学策略
导入阶段	driving licence, test, examine	利用图片/情境导入
呈现阶段	acquire, confidence, performance	语境中呈现，搭配教学
练习阶段	react, tap, brake, pedal	动作演示，TPR教学法
拓展阶段	suppose, mournful, instruct	词族拓展，同义辨析

7.2 易混淆词汇强化训练

Task 1: brake vs break

1. Please ______ when you see the red light.
2. Don't ______ the window! It's dangerous.
3. I need to take a ______ from work.
4. The driver hit the ______ to avoid the accident.

Task 2: acquire vs obtain vs gain

1. She ______ confidence after months of practice.
2. I need to ______ permission from my parents.
3. He ______ valuable experience from the project.
4. The company plans to ______ a smaller firm.

7.3 词汇记忆策略

词汇	记忆策略	效果评估
instruct	词根 struct(建造)+前缀in(向内)	⭐⭐⭐⭐
acquire	联想 acquire→acquisition(收购)	⭐⭐⭐⭐
confidence	con(共同)+fid(信任)+ence(名词)	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
performance	perform(执行)+ance(名词后缀)	⭐⭐⭐⭐
mournful	mourn(哀悼)+ful(充满…的)	⭐⭐⭐⭐
pedal	ped(脚)+al(名词后缀)	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

7.4 四级考点预测

词汇	预测考点	出现概率
acquire	词义辨析(acquire/obtain/gain)	85%
confidence	固定搭配(have confidence in)	80%
performance	一词多义(表现/表演/性能)	75%
react	介词搭配(react to)	70%
suppose	固定句型(be supposed to)	90%

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八、智能词汇本数据

单词	难度等级	艾宾浩斯复习节点	关联课文	逻辑功能标签	考点标签
test	★★☆	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	主题词	一词多义
instruct	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	指令传递	构词法
acquire	★★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	渐进获得	近义辨析
confidence	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	心理状态	固定搭配
performance	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	评价表达	一词多义
suppose	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	假设引入	固定句型
tap	★★☆	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	触发动作	一词多义
react	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	刺激-反应	介词搭配
brake	★★☆	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	驾驶术语	形近词
pedal	★★☆	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	驾驶术语	词根记忆
mournful	★★★	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	情感表达	词族拓展
for the third time	★★☆	1d-3d-7d-15d-30d	L69	顺序表达	固定结构

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本课涉及的语法术语

术语	英文	本课例句/说明
过去进行时被动语态	Past Continuous Passive	I was being tested…
过去完成时被动语态	Past Perfect Passive	I had been asked… / After having been instructed…
动名词复合结构	Gerund Phrase	After having been instructed…
形容词短语作状语	Adjective Phrase as Adverbial	Sure that I had passed…
情态动词+完成时	Modal + Perfect	The examiner must have been pleased…
原因状语从句	Adverbial Clause of Cause	…for he smiled and said…
条件/假设从句	Conditional Clause	Let us suppose that…
时间状语从句	Adverbial Clause of Time	As soon as I tap on the window…
让步状语从句	Concessive Clause	Though the sound could be heard clearly…
It takes/took sb. + time + to do	It-pattern	it took me a long time to react
现在完成时	Present Perfect	you have just killed…

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本课涉及的语法术语

• 过去进行时 | 被动语态 | 过去完成时
• 过去进行时被动语态 | 过去完成时被动语态 | 动名词完成被动式
• 情态动词 | 情态动词完成式 | 原因状语从句 | 时间状语从句
• 让步状语从句 | It takes句型 | 不定式 | 动名词
• 形容词短语 | 宾语补足语 | 现在完成时 | 宾语从句

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词汇学习总结：本课围绕”驾照考试”这一主题，构建了一个完整的驾驶测试场景词汇网络。核心词汇涵盖考试流程(instruct, test, performance)、心理状态(acquire, confidence)、突发反应(react, tap, brake, pedal)以及情感表达(mournful)等多个语义场。建议学习者重点掌握 acquire/confidence/performance 等四级高频词的搭配用法，以及 react to/be supposed to 等固定结构。