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第79课 By air 乘飞机 — 词汇精讲


课文原文

I **used to** travel by **air** a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An **airhostess** would take **charge** of me and I never had an unpleasant **experience**. I am used to travelling by air and only on one **occasion** have I ever felt **frightened**. After **taking off**, we were **flying** low over the city and slowly **gaining** height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to **land**, an air-hostess told us to keep **calm** and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had **touched down**. Everybody on **board** was worried and we were **curious** to find out what had happened. Later we **learnt** that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a **bomb** had been **planted** on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was **searched** thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to **take off** again.
**参考译文**: 我小时候经常乘飞机旅行。我的父母过去住在南美洲,我过去常在假期从欧洲飞往那里。空姐会照顾我,我从未有过不愉快的经历。我习惯于乘飞机旅行,只有一次我感到害怕。起飞后,我们在城市上空低飞并慢慢爬升,这时飞机突然掉头飞回机场。在我们等待降落时,空姐告诉我们要保持冷静,飞机一着陆就悄悄下飞机。机上每个人都很担心,我们好奇地想查明发生了什么。后来我们得知机上有一位非常重要的人物。警方被告知飞机上被放置了一枚炸弹。我们着陆后,飞机被彻底搜查。幸运的是,什么也没找到,五小时后我们又起飞了。

一、核心词汇精讲(15个)


1. used to /juːst tə/

项目内容
词性modal verb phrase
难度等级核心语法词汇
本课义过去常常(现在已不再)
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级超高频考点

用法对比

结构含义例句
used to do过去常常(现在不再)I used to travel by air.
be used to doing习惯于I am used to travelling by air.
be used to do被用来做The knife is used to cut bread.

真题例句

I used to believe that success was the only thing that mattered. (我过去认为成功是唯一重要的事。)

易混淆点

  • ⚠️ used to 后面接动词原形
  • ⚠️ be used to 后面接动名词(to是介词)

2. by air /baɪ eə/

项目内容
词性prepositional phrase
难度等级基础短语
本课义乘飞机
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 交通方式常用表达

常见搭配

搭配含义
by air乘飞机
by plane乘飞机(同义)
travel by air乘飞机旅行
send by air空运

相关表达

方式英文
乘火车by train
乘汽车by car / by bus
乘船by sea / by ship
乘地铁by subway / underground

3. airhostess /ˈeəhəʊstəs/

项目内容
词性noun
难度等级K2
本课义空姐,空中小姐
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐ 航空主题词汇

构词分析

air (空中) + hostess (女主人) = airhostess (空中小姐)

对应词汇

性别英文
airhostess / flight attendant
airhost / steward / flight attendant
通用flight attendant(现常用)

4. take charge of /teɪk tʃɑːdʒ əv/

项目内容
词性phrasal verb
难度等级K2
本课义负责,照顾
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心短语

常见搭配

搭配含义
take charge of负责,接管
be in charge of负责(状态)
be under the charge of由…负责

例句对比

主动负责:She took charge of the project.
状态负责:She is in charge of the project.
被动接受:The children were under her charge.

5. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/

项目内容
词性noun / verb
难度等级K1(基础词汇)
本课义经历,经验
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级超高频词

一词多义

含义例句
经历(可数)an unpleasant experience
经验(不可数)work experience
经历,体验(动词)experience difficulties

注意

  • 作”经历”讲时可数:many experiences
  • 作”经验”讲时不可数:much experience

6. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/

项目内容
词性noun
难度等级K2
本课义场合,时机
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词

常见搭配

搭配含义
on one occasion有一次
on this occasion在这种场合
on special occasions在特殊场合
rise to the occasion应付自如

本课用法

"only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened"
(只有一次我感到害怕)
→ only on one occasion 位于句首,引起部分倒装

7. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/

项目内容
词性adjective
难度等级K1
本课义感到害怕的
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类形容词

同根词

形式词性含义
frightn.惊吓,恐怖
frightenv.使惊吓
frighteningadj.令人害怕的
frightenedadj.感到害怕的

-ed vs -ing 区别

frightening:令人害怕的(修饰事物)
  → The storm was frightening.

frightened:感到害怕的(修饰人)
  → I felt frightened.

8. take off /teɪk ɒf/

项目内容
词性phrasal verb
难度等级K1
本课义(飞机)起飞
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 多义短语动词

一词多义

含义例句
起飞The plane took off on time.
脱下(衣服)Take off your coat.
突然成功Her career really took off.
休假I’m taking next week off.

对应词汇

动作英文
起飞take off
降落land / touch down

9. gain /ɡeɪn/

项目内容
词性verb / noun
难度等级K2
本课义获得,增加
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 四级核心词

本课用法

"slowly gaining height"
(慢慢爬升/增加高度)

常见搭配

搭配含义
gain height爬升(航空用语)
gain weight增重
gain experience获得经验
gain access to获得…的机会

10. land /lænd/

项目内容
词性verb / noun
难度等级K1
本课义着陆,降落
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 多义词

一词多义

含义例句
着陆(动词)The plane landed safely.
土地(名词)fertile land
陆地(名词)by land

相关词汇

词汇含义
landingn. 着陆
touch down着陆(同义,更正式)

11. calm /kɑːm/

项目内容
词性adjective / noun / verb
难度等级K1
本课义平静的,冷静的
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类词汇

常见搭配

搭配含义
keep calm保持冷静
stay calm保持冷静
calm down平静下来

近义词辨析

词汇侧重
calm内心平静,不慌乱
quiet安静,不吵闹
still静止不动
peaceful和平的,宁静的

12. touch down /tʌtʃ daʊn/

项目内容
词性phrasal verb
难度等级K2
本课义(飞机)着陆
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐ 航空专用语

用法说明

"as soon as it had touched down"
(飞机一着陆)

注意:touch down 强调"触地"的瞬间
     land 是更通用的"降落"

时态说明

  • 本句用过去完成时 had touched down
  • 因为”着陆”发生在”被告知下飞机”之前

13. on board /ɒn bɔːd/

项目内容
词性prepositional phrase
难度等级K2
本课义在(飞机/船/车)上
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 常用短语

用法说明

"Everybody on board was worried"
(机上每个人都很担心)

on board 可作:
1. 状语:Welcome on board!
2. 定语:passengers on board(机上的乘客)

14. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/

项目内容
词性adjective
难度等级K2
本课义好奇的
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐⭐ 情感类形容词

常见搭配

搭配含义
be curious about对…好奇
be curious to do好奇地想做…

本课用法

"we were curious to find out what had happened"
(我们好奇地想查明发生了什么)

派生词

形式词性含义
curiosityn.好奇心
curiouslyadv.好奇地

15. plant /plɑːnt/

项目内容
词性verb / noun
难度等级K1
本课义放置,安置(炸弹等)
考频/重要性⭐⭐⭐ 多义词

一词多义

含义例句
种植Plant the trees in spring.
放置(炸弹等)A bomb was planted on the plane.
植物(名词)a flowering plant
工厂(名词)a power plant

本课用法

"a bomb had been planted on the plane"
(一枚炸弹被放置在飞机上)
→ 用被动语态,表示"被放置"

二、搭配与语块

2.1 高频搭配

搭配类型含义课文中例句
used to情态短语过去常常I used to travel by air
by air介词短语乘飞机travel by air
take charge of短语动词负责take charge of me
take off短语动词起飞After taking off
gain height动词短语爬升gaining height
turn round短语动词掉头suddenly turned round
touch down短语动词着陆it had touched down
on board介词短语在飞机上Everybody on board
keep calm动词短语保持冷静keep calm
take off (again)短语动词(再次)起飞take off again

2.2 近义替换

表达同义表达本课例句
by airby planetravel by air
landtouch downwaiting to land / it had touched down
frightenedscaredfelt frightened
calmquietkeep calm

三、词汇教学建议

3.1 重点区分

used to / would / be used to

结构含义例句
used to do过去常常I used to travel by air.
would do过去会An airhostess would take charge of me.
be used to doing习惯于I am used to travelling by air.

take off 的不同含义

含义例句
起飞The plane took off.
脱下Take off your shoes.
突然成功Business took off.

3.2 构词法学习

  • frightfrightenfrightened / frightening
  • calmcalmly(副词)
  • curiouscuriosity(名词)

四、词汇检测练习

4.1 选词填空

用所给词的适当形式填空:

  1. I _______ (use) to get up early, but now I prefer to sleep in.
  2. Please _______ (calm) down and tell me what happened.
  3. The plane _______ (take) off on time yesterday.
  4. Everyone on _______ (board) was nervous during the turbulence.
  5. I was _______ (curious) to know the answer.

4.2 翻译练习

  1. 我小时候常常乘火车旅行。
  2. 我习惯于早起。
  3. 飞机安全着陆了。
  4. 请保持冷静。
  5. 我只有一次感到害怕。

五、本课涉及的语法术语


文档信息

  • 课号: Lesson 79
  • 标题: By air
  • 核心词汇: 15个
  • 难度评级: ★★★☆☆ (中等)
  • 建议学习时长: 40-50分钟