> **Lesson 79 By air 乘飞机**
>
> I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.
[铺垫] 童年飞行经历 → [常态] 习惯飞行 → [转折] 异常事件 → [悬念] 等待揭晓 → [结局] 虚惊一场
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
used to travel am used to suddenly what had nothing was
a great deal travelling turned round happened found
时间推进链
时间节点
事件
语言标记
童年时期
经常飞行
when I was a boy
起飞后
正常爬升
After taking off… gaining height
突然
飞机掉头
when the plane suddenly turned round
等待降落时
被告知保持冷静
While we were waiting to land… told us
着陆后
飞机被搜查
After we had landed… was searched
五小时后
重新起飞
five hours later… take off again
3.2 词汇手段：情感词汇场
（1）安全感词汇
词汇
功能
never had an unpleasant experience
强调一贯的安全
am used to
表示习惯、适应
would take charge of
表示可靠、有规律
（2）紧张感词汇
词汇
功能
suddenly
突然性，打破常态
frightened
恐惧情绪
worried
担忧情绪
bomb
威胁性词汇
（3）释压词汇
词汇
功能
Fortunately
幸运地，转折词
nothing was found
解除威胁
able to take off again
恢复正常
3.3 句法手段：时态的叙事功能
过去习惯时态群
used to + would + be used to
功能：建立叙述者的"资深飞行者"身份
- "I used to travel by air a great deal"
- "An airhostess would take charge of me"
- "I am used to travelling by air"
过去进行时：场景描写
"we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height"
功能：
1. 设置场景背景
2. 创造画面感
3. 为suddenly的转折做铺垫
过去完成时：因果链
1. "as soon as it had touched down" （先着陆→后下飞机）
2. "what had happened" （先发生→后查明）
3. "had been told" / "had been planted" （先被告知/放置→后得知）
4. "After we had landed" （先着陆→后搜查）
功能：清晰表达事件的时间先后关系
部分倒装：强调结构
"only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened"
功能：
1. 强调"唯一性"
2. 突出这次经历的特殊性
3. 制造悬念效果
3.4 语篇手段：衔接与连贯
指代链追踪
指代词
指代对象
I
叙述者
me
叙述者（宾格）
us / we
乘客群体
it
飞机
逻辑连接词
连接词
逻辑关系
功能
when
时间
标记习惯动作的时间
and
并列
连接并列信息
when
时间（突然）
标记意外转折
While
时间（同时）
标记同时进行的动作
as soon as
时间（紧接）
标记紧密相连的动作
Later
时间（后续）
推进叙事时间
四、手段-效果关联分析 (Device-Effect Analysis)
4.1 核心问题逐一解答
问题1：为什么开头用used to大量铺垫？
原文：“I used to travel by air a great deal…” “My parents used to live…” “I used to fly…”
角度
分析
身份建立
建立叙述者作为”资深飞行者”的身份
对比铺垫
与后文的”frightened”形成对比
可信度
有经验的人说的”特殊”才更有说服力
情感基础
越是习惯，意外才越可怕
问题2：为什么要用部分倒装？
原文：“only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened”