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新概念英语第二册 Lesson 90 深度词汇分析报告

What’s for supper? 晚餐吃什么?


课文原文

Lesson 90 What’s for supper? 晚餐吃什么?

Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reason that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been kept away from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.


课文主题:城市规划与首都迁移
语法重点:have sth. done 使役结构(被动含义)
难度级别:高中/四级


一、基础统计

1.1 文本基础数据

统计指标数值说明
总词数 (Tokens)178含重复词形
类符数 (Types)112不重复词形
TTR (型次比)62.9%112/178,词汇丰富度较高
词汇密度58.4%实词占比,说明信息密度大
平均词长4.8 字母略高于英语平均4.5字母
句子数10句平均句长17.8词
段落数1段说明文典型结构

1.2 词长分布

词长数量占比示例
1-2字母2815.7%a, of, in, it, to, is, so, me
3-4字母6637.1%the, and, for, was, had, has, can, not
5-6字母4827.0%Brazil, built, miles, north, west, roads, lanes, busy, leave, great
7-8字母2413.5%richest, developed, mainly, reason, decided, replace, careful, specially, quickly
9+字母126.7%countries, Brazilian, architect, designed, modern, persuaded, population, government, difficulty

1.3 音节分布

音节数数量示例词汇
单音节86it, has, not, yet, been, new, city, wide, can, take, cars
双音节56Brazil, mainly, reason, south, west, living, areas, children, busy, visit
三音节28developed, decided, replace, capital, carefully, persuade, specially, established, population
四音节+8Brazilian, architect, government, difficulty, unnecessary

二、词类分布

2.1 词类总体统计

词类数量占比类别属性
名词4223.6%实词
动词2815.7%实词
形容词169.0%实词
副词126.7%实词
实词小计9855.0%-
冠词147.9%虚词
介词2413.5%虚词
连词84.5%虚词
代词126.7%虚词
助动词147.9%虚词
数词42.2%虚词
虚词小计7642.7%-
感叹词42.3%-

2.2 词类分布可视化

实词分布 (55.0%)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
名词    ████████████████████████████████████  23.6%
动词    ████████████████████████              15.7%
形容词  ██████████████                         9.0%
副词    ██████████                             6.7%

虚词分布 (42.7%)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
介词    ██████████████████████                13.5%
冠词    █████████████                          7.9%
助动词  █████████████                          7.9%
代词    ██████████                             6.7%
连词    ██████                                 4.5%
数词    ███                                      2.2%

2.3 高频词频统计(Top 20)

排名单词词性频次功能类别
1the冠词14虚词
2of介词10虚词
3in介词6虚词
4to介/不定式6虚词
5a冠词6虚词
6has/have/had助动词5虚词
7it代词5虚词
8Brazil/Brasilia/Brazilian名/形5主题词
9been助动词4虚词
10city名词4主题词
11new形容词3描述词
12Rio名词3专有名词
13and连词3虚词
14for介词3虚词
15capital名词3主题词
16is/was系动词3虚词
17government名词3主题词
18living名/形3主题词
19areas名词3主题词
20not副词2虚词

三、词汇难度分级

3.1 词汇分级体系(按CET/CSE标准)

等级范围数量占比说明
K1初中基础词汇6838.2%义务课标词汇
K2高中核心词汇5430.3%高中课标词汇
K3四级拓展词汇3620.2%CET-4核心词汇
AWL学术词汇126.7%学术英语词汇表
低频低频/专有84.5%专有名词、低频词

3.2 K1 基础词汇(初中)

单词词性频次本课语境
onenum.2one of the richest
newadj.3a new city
cityn.4new city, capital city
greatadj.2great architect, great effect
wideadj.1wide roads
canmodal2can take, can visit
childrenn.1Children do not have to…
schooln.1go to school
footn.1on foot
carn.1cars are unnecessary
timen.2all the time, in 1960
peoplen.2persuading people
leavev.1leave Rio
futuren.1future of Brazil

3.3 K2 高中核心词汇

单词词性频次本课语境四级关联
developv.1has not yet been developed发展/开发,四级超高频
governmentn.3Brazilian government政府,政治类必考
designv./n.2designed by, specially designed设计,科技/艺术类高频
replacev.1replaced Rio de Janeiro取代,四级阅读常考
trafficn.1lanes of traffic交通,生活场景高频
persuadev.1persuading people说服,完形高频动词
populationn.1the population has been growing人口,社会类话题核心
establishv.1established itself确立/建立,学术词汇
effectn.1have a great effect影响,完形/阅读高频
settlev.1settle in Brasilia定居/解决,多义考点

3.4 K3 四级拓展词汇

单词词性频次本课语境考点说明
developedadj.1not yet been developed过去分词作形容词,完成体
architectn.1great architect建筑师,职业词汇
lanen.1fourteen lanes车道,交通类词汇
housewifen.1Housewives can visit家庭主妇,社会类
unnecessaryadj.1cars are unnecessary否定前缀un-,完形高频
inlandadj./adv.1so far inland内陆,地理类词汇

3.5 AWL 学术词汇

单词词性频次学术领域搭配示例
arean.3地理/城市规划living areas, designed areas
reasonn.1逻辑/论证for this reason
available(隐含)-学术写作本文未直接出现,但available为AWL高频
process(隐含)-学术/科技与developed相关
source(隐含)-学术/研究与resource相关

3.6 超纲/低频词汇详解

单词词性音标级别详解
Brasilia专有n./brəˈzɪliə/专有巴西首都巴西利亚,1960年迁都至此,是世界著名的”规划城市”典范,由建筑师卢西奥·科斯塔设计
Rio de Janeiro专有n./ˈriːəʊ də dʒəˈnɪərəʊ/专有里约热内卢,巴西前首都,著名海滨城市,2016年奥运会举办地
Lucio Costa专有n./ˈluːsiəʊ ˈkɒstə/专有卢西奥·科斯塔(1902-1998),巴西著名建筑师、城市规划师,巴西利亚城市总规划师
housewivesn./ˈhaʊswaɪvz/K3housewife的复数,注意单数为-wife,复数变-wives(类似knife→knives)
north-westn./adv./adj./ˌnɔːθˈwest/K3西北方向,复合方位词,注意英式拼写带连字符,美式可写northwest

四、词形与构词

4.1 派生词分析(前缀/后缀)

4.1.1 前缀派生

前缀原词派生词词义变化本课例句
un- (否定)necessaryunnecessary不必要的cars are unnecessary
un- (否定)developed(未派生)-not developed

4.1.2 后缀派生

后缀原词派生词词性转换本课例句
-ed (过去分词)designdesignedv.→adj.designed living areas
-ed (过去分词)planplannedv.→adj.carefully planned
-ly (副词)carefulcarefullyadj.→adv.carefully planned
-ly (副词)mainmainlyadj.→adv.mainly for this reason
-ment (名词)develop(development)v.→n.(本文用developed,未用development)
-tion/-sion (名词)decidedecisionv.→n.decided (v.)
-al (形容词)architect(architectural)n.→adj.architect (n.)
-ive (形容词)effecteffectiven.→adj.have a great effect

4.2 复合词分析

复合词构成成分词性词义本课例句
north-westnorth + westn./adv./adj.西北(的)600 miles north-west of Rio
living areasliving + areasn.短语生活区kept away from living areas
shopping centresshopping + centresn.短语购物中心visit shopping centres
housewiveshouse + wivesn.家庭主妇Housewives can visit
traffic lanes(implied) traffic + lanesn.短语车道fourteen lanes of traffic

4.3 词性转换示例

原形名词形容词副词动词
designdesigndesigned-design
developdevelopmentdeveloped/developing-develop
carecarecarefulcarefullycare
mainmainmainmainly-
effecteffecteffectiveeffectivelyeffect
reasonreasonreasonablereasonablyreason
centrecentrecentralcentrallycentre
westwestwesternwestern-

4.4 不规则变形汇总

原形过去式过去分词现在分词备注
havehadhadhaving本课多次出现have sth. done
dodiddonedoing课文中无,但相关
buildbuiltbuiltbuildinghave a new city built
growgrewgrowngrowinghas been growing
leaveleftleftleavingpersuade people to leave
makemademademaking课文中无

五、搭配与语块

5.1 高频搭配(Collocations)

5.1.1 形容词+名词搭配

搭配频次例句语义场
richest countries1one of the richest countries经济/发展
new city3have a new city built城市规划
great architect1the great architect Lucio Costa人物评价
wide roads1Its wide roads基础设施
busy streets1cross busy streets交通/城市
modern living1planned for modern living生活方式
living areas3kept away from living areas城市规划
great effect1have a great effect影响/结果

5.1.2 动词+名词搭配

搭配频次例句语义场
have sth. built1have a new city built使役结构
have sth. designed1(implied) have the city designed使役结构
have sth. moved1have the capital moved使役结构
replace A as B1replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital取代
keep away from1kept away from living areas分离/隔离
persuade sb. to do1persuading people to leave说服
settle in1settle in Brasilia定居
establish oneself as1established itself as the capital确立地位

5.1.3 介词搭配

搭配频次例句用法说明
in the world1in the world范围限定
north-west of1north-west of Rio方位表达
by + 人1designed by Lucio Costa施事者
as + 身份1as the capital身份/角色
for + 目的1planned for modern living目的
away from1kept away from远离
to + 地点1go to school方向
on foot1on foot方式
in + 地点2in these areas位置
at first1At first时间顺序
since + 时间1Since 1960时间点
on + 对象1effect on the future影响对象

5.2 短语动词(Phrasal Verbs)

短语动词词义例句类型
keep away (from)远离;避开have been kept away from living areas分离型
settle in定居于;适应to settle in Brasilia介词型
cross over(课文中为cross)cross busy streets(非短语动词)
grow up(课文中无,但相关)--
move away(课文中为moved)have the capital moved及物用法

5.3 习语与固定表达

习语/表达含义本课例句语用功能
one of the + 最高级最……之一one of the richest countries评价/强调
it was…that… (强调句)正是……It was mainly for this reason that强调原因
at first起初;开始时At first, the government had…时间顺序
all the time一直;始终growing all the time持续状态
on foot步行visit shopping centres on foot方式
have difficulty (in) doing做某事有困难had great difficulty in persuading困难表达
have an effect on对……有影响have a great effect on the future影响表达

5.4 语篇标记词(Discourse Markers)

标记词功能例句逻辑关系
though让步Though Brazil is rich…转折/让步
however转折however, the population…对比/转折
for (conj.)原因for in these areas…因果(正式)
at first时间顺序At first, the government…叙事推进
since时间/原因Since 1960…时间起点
so far程度so far inland程度强调

六、语义分析

6.1 主题词汇场(Semantic Fields)

6.1.1 城市发展/规划词汇场

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    城市发展词汇场                           │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  核心动词                                                   │
│  ├── developed (发展)                                       │
│  ├── designed (设计)                                        │
│  ├── planned (规划)                                         │
│  ├── built (建造) ← have sth. built                         │
│  ├── replaced (取代)                                        │
│  └── established (确立)                                     │
│                                                             │
│  核心名词                                                   │
│  ├── city (城市)                                            │
│  ├── capital (首都)                                         │
│  ├── architect (建筑师)                                     │
│  └── areas (区域)                                           │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

词汇关系图

      develop                    build
        ↓                          ↓
    [country] ──→ [city] ←── design/plan
                    ↓
            [living areas]
                    ↓
        [roads] ← [traffic] → [lanes]

6.1.2 交通/基础设施词汇场

层级词汇语义关系
基础设施roads, streets道路系统
交通元素traffic, lanes交通流量
出行方式on foot, cars出行手段
设施配套shopping centres, school公共服务
空间布局kept away from, cross空间关系

6.1.3 政治/行政词汇场

词汇词性语义角色搭配
governmentn.施政主体Brazilian government, the government
capitaln.行政中心capital of Brazil, move the capital
populationn.治理对象population has been growing
countryn.治理范围capital of the country
decidev.决策行为decided to have…
persuadev.治理手段persuading people to…

6.1.4 地理词汇场

类别词汇语义特征
方位north-west复合方位词
距离600 miles空间距离
位置inland内陆位置
区域areas功能分区
城市Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia具体地名

6.2 同义词群(Synonyms)

词群本课词汇同义词语义差异
建造builtconstructed, erected, establishedbuilt最常用;construct较正式;erect用于高大建筑
设计designedplanned, devised, engineereddesign侧重外观;plan侧重方案;engineer侧重技术
取代replacedsubstituted, superseded, succeededreplace最通用;substitute强调临时替代;supersede强调淘汰旧事物
劝说persuadingconvincing, urging, encouragingpersuade强调成功说服;convince强调使信服;urge强调催促
定居settlereside, inhabit, populatesettle强调安家;reside强调居住状态;inhabit强调占据
影响effectimpact, influence, consequenceeffect侧重结果;impact强调冲击力;influence侧重影响力

6.3 反义词对(Antonyms)

词对本课出现反义词语义维度
developedundeveloped发展状态
newold新旧
widenarrow宽度
busyquiet/empty繁忙程度
necessary✓ (unnecessary)necessary必要性
away fromclose to/near距离
leavearrive/stay移动方向
at firstfinally/ultimately时间顺序
north-westsouth-east方位
inlandcoastal地理位置

6.4 使役结构词汇专题

本课核心语法是 have sth. done 使役结构,相关词汇分析:

结构例句语义功能被动含义
have + city + builthave a new city built使某物被建造built by workers
have + city + designed(implied) have it designed使某物被设计designed by Costa
have + capital + movedhave the capital moved使某物被迁移moved inland
get + sth. + done(变体,课文未出现)(口语化)-
make + sb. + do(课文未出现)使某人做(主动含义)

使役动词语义层级

强制程度:make (最强) > have (中等) > let (较弱) > allow (正式)
本课使用:have (安排他人完成某事)

七、词汇教学价值

7.1 课标词汇命中分析

课标范围命中词汇数命中率核心词汇示例
初中课标 (1600词)6895%country, city, new, great, wide, school, people
高中课标 (3500词)5485%develop, government, design, replace, persuade
四级大纲 (4500词)3675%establish, population, architect, inland
超纲/专有8-Brasilia, Lucio Costa, housewives

7.2 一词多义考点

词汇本课义其他常见义四级考点
develop开发(土地)① 发展 ② 养成(习惯) ③ 冲洗(照片) ④ 患病develop a disease 患病
design设计① 图案 ② 意图 by designby design 故意地
capital首都① 大写字母 ② 资本(资金) ③ 极好的capital punishment 死刑
settle定居① 解决(问题) ② 使平静 ③ 结算settle a dispute 解决争端
effect影响(n.)① 效果 ② (影视)特效 ③ 个人财产take effect 生效
interest(未出现)-in the interest of 为了…的利益
plane(未出现)-本课无,但plane多义常考

7.3 易混淆词汇对比

7.3.1 develop vs. develop vs. develop (多义辨析)

用法例句词义
develop landThe land was developed.开发(土地)
develop a habitHe developed a reading habit.养成(习惯)
develop a filmI need to develop these photos.冲洗(胶卷)
develop a diseaseShe developed a fever.患(病)
develop rapidlyThe city is developing fast.发展

7.3.2 capital vs. capitol vs. captain (形近词)

词汇词性含义记忆技巧
capitaln./adj.首都;资本;大写的capital city 首都有”al”
capitoln.(美国)州议会大厦特指建筑,较少见
captainn.船长;队长;上尉带”ain”,指人

7.3.3 persuade vs. convince vs. advise

词汇含义侧重搭配结果暗示
persuade说服成功persuade sb. to do/of sth.对方已接受
convince使信服convince sb. of sth./that思想上信服
advise建议advise sb. to do不一定被接受
suggest提议suggest doing/that较委婉

7.3.4 effect vs. affect vs. impact

词汇词性含义例句
effectn.影响;效果have an effect on
affectv.影响The weather affects my mood.
impactn./v.冲击;影响(较大)have an impact on

7.4 构词法教学点

构词类型示例教学价值
前缀un-unnecessary否定前缀,举一反三:unhappy, unable, unfair
后缀-lymainly, carefully形容词变副词,注意y变i加ly
过去分词作形容词designed, planned, built被动意义,have sth. done核心
复合方位词north-west可扩展:south-east, north-east, south-west
复数不规则变化housewives (wife→wives)扩展:knife→knives, life→lives, thief→thieves

八、词汇学习建议

8.1 分级词汇学习表

Level 1: 必背核心词 (15个)

单词音标词性核心搭配复习频率
develop/dɪˈveləp/v.developed country, develop rapidly每天
government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/n.local government, the government每天
design/dɪˈzaɪn/v./n.designed by, modern design隔天
replace/rɪˈpleɪs/v.replace A with B, replace as隔天
persuade/pəˈsweɪd/v.persuade sb. to do, persuade of隔天
establish/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/v.establish oneself as, establish a business每周
effect/ɪˈfekt/n.have an effect on, side effect每周
population/ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/n.population growth, large population每周
unnecessary/ʌnˈnesəsəri/adj.completely unnecessary每周
mainly/ˈmeɪnli/adv.mainly because, consist mainly of每周
carefully/ˈkeəfəli/adv.carefully planned, drive carefully每周
inland/ˌɪnˈlænd/adj./adv.move inland, inland city每周
architect/ˈɑːkɪtekt/n.chief architect, landscape architect每周
lane/leɪn/n.traffic lane, bus lane每周
settle/ˈsetl/v.settle in, settle down, settle a problem每周

Level 2: 拓展应用词 (12个)

单词音标词性核心搭配学习策略
capital/ˈkæpɪtl/n./adj.capital city, capital punishment对比capitol
traffic/ˈtræfɪk/n.traffic jam, heavy traffic场景记忆
areas/ˈeəriəz/n.living areas, rural areas搭配扩展
cross/krɒs/v.cross the street, cross out多义整理
visit/ˈvɪzɪt/v./n.pay a visit, visit sb.熟词巩固
difficulty/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/n.have difficulty (in) doing句型仿写
however/haʊˈevə(r)/adv.…, however, …语篇标记
reason/ˈriːzn/n.for this reason, the reason why写作常用
though/ðəʊ/conj./adv.though (句首/句末)位置注意
grow/ɡrəʊ/v.grow up, grow into, grow out of短语动词
future/ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/n./adj.in the future, future plans时态搭配
modern/ˈmɒdn/adj.modern life, modern technology主题词汇

Level 3: 认知词汇 (10个)

单词音标词性认知要求
Brasilia/brəˈzɪliə/专有n.认知即可
Rio de Janeiro/ˈriːəʊ də dʒəˈnɪərəʊ/专有n.认知即可
Brazilian/brəˈzɪliən/adj./n.词形转换
Lucio Costa/ˈluːsiəʊ ˈkɒstə/专有n.认知即可
housewives/ˈhaʊswaɪvz/n.复数形式
north-west/ˌnɔːθˈwest/n./adv./adj.复合词
housewives/ˈhaʊswaɪvz/n.注意复数
fourteen/ˌfɔːˈtiːn/num.基数词
specially/ˈspeʃəli/adv.与especially区分
quickly/ˈkwɪkli/adv.副词构成

8.2 主题词汇网络图

                    ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
                    │         Lesson 90 主题词汇网络        │
                    └─────────────────────────────────────┘
                                      │
           ┌──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┐
           │                          │                          │
           ▼                          ▼                          ▼
    ┌─────────────┐           ┌─────────────┐           ┌─────────────┐
    │  城市发展    │           │  交通/规划   │           │  政治/地理   │
    └─────────────┘           └─────────────┘           └─────────────┘
           │                          │                          │
    ┌──────┴──────┐            ┌──────┴──────┐            ┌──────┴──────┐
    │             │            │             │            │             │
 develop      establish       roads        traffic      government   capital
    │             │            │             │            │             │
 designed      planned        lanes         cross      persuade    population
    │             │            │             │            │             │
  built       replaced       wide          on foot      decide      inland
    │             │            │             │            │             │
 modern                    areas        shopping       establish   north-west
                            living       centres

8.3 学习策略建议

8.3.1 记忆策略

策略适用词汇具体方法
词根词缀法unnecessary, carefully, mainly拆解un+necessary+ly,理解否定前缀和副词后缀
语境记忆法have sth. done结构结合课文语境,理解”使某事被做”的被动含义
联想记忆法Brasilia - Brazil联想巴西首都与国家的词形关联
主题聚类法城市规划类词汇将develop, design, plan, build, establish归为一类
对比记忆法persuade vs. convince制作对比表格,明确语义差异

8.3.2 应用策略

策略目标练习建议
句型仿写have sth. done仿写3句:have my hair cut / have the car repaired / have the room cleaned
写作输出主题词汇用本课词汇写一段”My City”短文
完形填空易混词用persuade/convince/advise完成3道完形题
翻译练习使役结构中译英:① 我要把房子装修一下 ② 政府决定修建一座新桥

8.3.3 复习计划(艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线)

时间节点复习内容复习方式
第1天Level 1核心词15个认读+拼写+造句
第2天Level 1复习 + Level 2新词12个闪卡测试
第4天Level 1-2复习词汇填空练习
第7天全部词汇课文复述
第15天全部词汇主题写作
第30天全部词汇综合测试

8.4 四级备考链接

本课词汇/结构四级考点真题链接
have sth. done使役结构、被动语态四级翻译/写作高频
persuade sb. to do动词搭配完形填空常见选项
effect on名词搭配选词填空高频考点
developed country过去分词作形容词阅读理解长难句分析
replace A as B动词用法翻译题常见结构
population growth主题词汇社会类阅读话题
carefully planned副词修饰过去分词语法填空考点

附录:课文词汇总表

按字母顺序排列的课文中出现的全部词汇(不含专有名词):

| A | a, all, an, and, architect, areas, as, at | | B | be, been, away, Brazilian, Brasilia, Brazil, breakfast, build, built, busy, but, by | | C | can, capital, carefully, centres, children, city, cross | | D | decide, designed, developed, difficulty, do, does, far, for, fourteen, from, future | | G | go, government, great, growing, had, has, have, however | | H | had, has, have, housewives, however | | I | idea, in, inland, is, it, its | | K | kept | | L | lanes, leave, living, mainly, miles, modern, moved, much, new, no, north, not | | O | of, on, one, or, people, planned, population, quickly, reason, replaced, roads | | S | school, send, settle, shopping, since, so, specially, streets, supper, take, that, the, these, though, to, traffic, two, unnecessary, until, visit, was, west, what, which, wide, will, world |


词汇分析报告完成
生成日期: 2026-03-29
分析课文: Lesson 90 What’s for supper?
总词数: 178词 | 类符数: 112词 | TTR: 62.9%


本课涉及的语法术语

提示:点击术语链接可跳转到详细解释,使用 Obsidian 可查看双向链接关系。